The Interactions of Lectins with Animal Cell Surfaces

Nicolson, Garth L.

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60939-0

Cited by 921 publications

(193 citation statements)

References 510 publications

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“…Recent observations by have led to the hypothesis that the agglutinability of cells is regulated through the modulation of cell surface microvilli by cAMP, and that cAMP decreases agglutinability by decreasing the formation of microvilli and altering the intracellular distribution of microfilaments and microtubules. Others have been unable to confirm these findings, and have suggested that the presence or absence of microvilli alone does not explain differences in agglutinability (4,18). The proposal that transformed cells are highly agglutinable because their low cAMP levels result in the formation of numerous surface microvilli is not supported by our data.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Cyclic amp-induced morphological transformation of cells infected by temperature-sensitive mouse sarcoma virus: Expression of transformation-associated markers

Kalina¹,

Pease²

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Normal rat kidney (NRK) cells infected with a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant of mouse sarcoma virus (NRK [MSV-lb]) express the transformed phenotype under permissive conditions, but acquire the normal phenotype when grown under restrictive conditions. Addition of 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) to NRK(MSV-lb) cells grown at the restrictive temperature results in morphological transformation. To determine whether other markers associated with the transformed phenotype were coordinately expressed after cAMP exposure, concanavalin A (Con A) agglutinability, hexose transport rate, and incorporation of radioactively labeled fucose into fucolipid III and fucolipid IV (FL III and FL IV) of the cells were examined. NRK cells transformed by wild-type MSV or NRK(MSV-lb) grown under permissive conditions were agglutinated by low concentrations of Con A and exhibited relatively high maximal agglutination levels which were specifically inhibited by a-methyl-D-mannoside. In contrast, NRK(MSV-lb) cells grown under restrictive conditions were weakly agglutinated by Con A and exhibited reduced maximal agglutination levels, similar to uninfected NRK cells. Treatment of NRK(MSV-lb) cells at the restrictive temperature with cAMP resulted in morphological transformation and a change in the pattern of incorporation of labeled fucose into FL III and FL IV to one comparable to that of NRK(MSV-lb) cells at the permissive temperature or to NRK cells transformed by wild-type MSV. In contrast, cAMP treatment resulted in no increase in Con A agglutinability or 2-deoxy-o-[aH]glucose transport relative to mock treated cultures. The results demonstrate that cAMP-induced morphological transformation and altered fucolipid composition of NRK(MSV-lb) cells are not correlated with alterations in hexose transport rate or Con A agglutinability.We have recently reported (29) that 3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) affects the morphological transformation of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells transformed by a temperaturesensitive (ts) mutant of mouse sarcoma virus (MSV). Expression of the transformed phenotype TUE JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY 9 VOLUME 74, 1977 9 pages 707-716 707

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Cyclic amp-induced morphological transformation of cells infected by temperature-sensitive mouse sarcoma virus: Expression of transformation-associated markers

Kalina¹,

Pease²

1977

The Journal of Cell Biology

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“…However, the use of Con A as a label for the presence of plasma membrane fragments in subcellular fractions depends on the distribution of Con A receptor sites on the plasma membrane and on the exclusive binding of Con A to the plasma membrane. The distribution pattern of Con A receptor sites on cell surfaces has been shown to depend on several factors such as cell type, state of differentiation, reaction time with Con A and temperature (Smith & Revel, 1972;Nicolson, 1974;Graham et al, 1974;Burgess & Linstead, 1976;Williamson et al, 1976). The results presented in this paper showed that under the conditions used the Con A receptor sites on the protoplasts of Schizophyllum commune visualized by the HRP labelling technique (Bernhard & Avrameas, 1971) were randomly distributed on the protoplast surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Localization of Chitin Synthase Activity in Subcellular Fractions of Schizophyllum commune Protoplasts

Vermeulen

Raeven

Wessels

1979

Journal of General Microbiology

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Plasma membranes of Schizophyllum commune were stabilized against fragmentation by coating protoplasts with concanavalin A (Con A). A uniform distribution of Con A over the membrane was demonstrated cytochemically. After lysis of the protoplasts in the presence of an inhibitor of proteolysis, plasma membranes were purified and, together with other subcellular fractions, assayed for chitin synthase activity. About 50% of the chitin synthase activity was associated with the plasma membranes and largely occurred in an active form. About 30% of the chitin synthase, in an inactive form, was recovered in fractions sedimenting at 40000 to 300000 g. The product of the plasma membrane-bound enzyme was shown to be a-chitin occurring as microfibrils (about 6 nm wide). The chitin synthase could not be detached from the plasma membranes by incubation with substrate and activator at 0 "C and gradient centrifugation showed that the synthesized chitin remained associated with the plasma membranes.

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“…Thus the Con Adnduced isoagglutination between gametes of the same mating type entails an interaction between flagellar tips which presumably involves surface carbohydrates (13) and which cannot be distinguished morphologically from true mating (27), but we demonstrate that this interaction fails to induce either cell wall lysis or mating structure activation. Therefore, assuming that the lectin is not itself inhibiting any stages in the lytic and/or activation processes, these experiments indicate that the gamete is somehow able to discriminate between specific and nonspecific perturbations of its flagellar surface.…”

Section: Membranes and Cellsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. III. Cell wall lysis and microfilament-associated mating structure activation in wild-type and mutant strains.

Goodenough¹,

Weiss²

1975

The Journal of Cell Biology

121

100

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Cell fusion between mating type plus (mr +) and minus (rot-) gametes ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii is analyzed structurally and subjected to experimental manipulation. Cell wall lysis, a necessary prelude to fusion, is shown to require flagellar agglutination between competent gametes; glutaraldehyde-fixed gametes ("corpses") of one mating type will elicit both agglutination and cell wall lysis in the opposite mating type, whereas nonagglutinating impotent (imp) mutant strains are without effect. The fusion process is mediated by a narrow fertilization tubule which extends from the mt+ gamete and establishes contact with the mt-gamete. Formation of the tubule requires the "activation" of a specialized mating structure associated with the mt + cell membrane; activation causes microfilaments to polymerize from the mating structure into the growing fertilization tubule. Mating structure activation is shown to depend on gametic flagellar agglutination; isoagglutination mediated by the lectin concanavalin A has no effect. Gametes carrying the imp-I mt+ mutation are able to agglutinate but not fuse with rotcells; the imp-1 gametes are shown to have structurally defective mating structures that do not generate microfilaments in response to gametic agglutination.The mating reaction of the biflagellate alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii involves an elaborate sequence of events that can be presumed to depend on precise levels of cellular communication. The reaction is initiated by an agglutination between the flagellar tips of mating type plus (mr +) and minus (mr-) gametes (18), as illustrated in Fig. 1, an interaction that appears to involve surface components of the flagellar membranes (1, 24). Four events follow in quick succession: (a) a lytic activity digests the cell walls so that gametes are converted to naked protoplasts (2): (b) a cytoplasmic protuberance [the fertilization tubule (4)] extends from the mt+ cell surface (Fig. 1, tong arrow), an event mediated by the specialized mating structure first described by Friedmann et al. (4); (c) the fertilization tubule makes contact with an mt-mating structure to form a narrow cytoplasmic bridge (4); and (d) the bridge expands in diameter until the mating pair is transformed into a single quadriflagellate zygote, an event that can be termed zygotic cell fusion (see Fig. I). Quadriflagellate zygotes typically appear within 5 rain after mt § and rot-gametes are mixed; all of these events must therefore occur in a rapid and highly coordinated fashion.

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The Interactions of Lectins with Animal Cell Surfaces

Cited by 921 publications

References 510 publications

Cyclic amp-induced morphological transformation of cells infected by temperature-sensitive mouse sarcoma virus: Expression of transformation-associated markers

Cyclic amp-induced morphological transformation of cells infected by temperature-sensitive mouse sarcoma virus: Expression of transformation-associated markers

Localization of Chitin Synthase Activity in Subcellular Fractions of Schizophyllum commune Protoplasts

Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. III. Cell wall lysis and microfilament-associated mating structure activation in wild-type and mutant strains.

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