The Interactions between Innate Immunity and Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Pagliari, Danilo; Piccirillo, Ciriaco A.; Larbi, Anis; Cianci, Rossella

doi:10.1155/2015/898297

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The human intestine contains over 1,000 species of bacteria that interact dynamically with the host, which plays an important role in health and disease (25). The microbiota is important for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier as well as for immunological tolerance and metabolic activities that have not evolved in the host (26,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus salivarius BP121 prevents cisplatin‑induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p‑cresol sulfate via alleviating dysbiosis

Lee¹,

Park

Kim³

et al. 2020

Int J Mol Med

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The gut microbiota is important for maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier, promoting immunological tolerance and carrying out metabolic activities that have not evolved in hosts. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated with chronic kidney disease and probiotic supplementation has been shown to be beneficial. However, it is not known whether gut microorganisms-specifically, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can protect against acute kidney injury (AKI). To address this issue, the present study investigated the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius BP121, an intestinal LAB isolated from the feces of newborns, in a rat model of cisplatin-induced AKI and also in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells. BP121 prevented cisplatin-induced AKI in rats, as demonstrated by decreases in inflammation and oxidative stress in kidney tissue and in serum levels of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (PCS). BP121 also reduced intestinal permeability, as determined using fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran by immunohistochemical detection of tight junction (TJ) proteins such as zona occludens-1 and occludin. The abundance of Lactobacillus spp., which are beneficial intestinal flora, was increased by BP121; this was accompanied by an increase in the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids in feces. Additionally, H 2 O 2 -induced TJ protein damage was reduced in Caco-2 cells treated with BP121 culture supernatant, an effect that was reversed by the 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor Compound C and Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 inhibitor TLR4-IN-C34. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that L. salivarius BP121 protects against cisplatin-induced AKI by decreasing inflammation and oxidative stress and this renoprotective effect is partially mediated by modulating the gut environment and thereby suppressing IS and PCS production as well as by regulating AMPK and TLR4 dependent TJ assembly.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus salivarius BP121 prevents cisplatin‑induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p‑cresol sulfate via alleviating dysbiosis

Lee¹,

Park

Kim³

et al. 2020

Int J Mol Med

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“…Recent research supporting this hypothesis shows that mild and controlled infection by internal parasites can activate an immune response and reduce symptoms of a range of autoimmune diseases (55). Likewise, the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and host immune response has been well established (56)(57)(58). Despite evidence for direct host-parasite and hostmicrobiome interactions, and the fact that gut parasites and microbes share the same gut environment, studies are limited which assess the relationship between these organisms (31).…”

Section: Influence Of Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in rural African gut microbiota is strongly correlated with colonization by Entamoeba and subsistence

Morton

Lynch

Froment

et al. 2015

Preprint

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The human gut microbiota is impacted by host nutrition and health status and therefore represents a potentially adaptive phenotype influenced by metabolic and immune constraints. Previous studies contrasting rural populations in developing countries to urban industrialized ones have shown that industrialization is strongly correlated with patterns in human gut microbiota; however, we know little about the relative contribution of factors such as climate, diet, medicine, hygiene practices, host genetics, and parasitism. Here, we focus on finescale comparisons of African rural populations in order to (i) contrast the gut microbiota of populations inhabiting similar environments but having different traditional subsistence modes and either shared or distinct genetic ancestry, and (ii) examine the relationship between gut parasites and bacterial communities. Characterizing the fecal microbiota of Pygmy hunter-gatherers as well as Bantu individuals from both farming and fishing populations in Southwest Cameroon, we found that the gut parasite Entamoeba is significantly correlated with microbiome composition and diversity. We show that across populations, colonization by this protozoa can be predicted with 79% accuracy based on the composition of an individual's gut microbiota, and that several of the taxa most important for distinguishing Entamoeba absence or presence are signature taxa for autoimmune disorders. We also found gut communities to vary significantly with subsistence mode, notably with some taxa previously shown to be enriched in other hunter-gatherers groups (in Tanzania and Peru) also discriminating hunter-gatherers from neighboring farming or fishing populations in Cameroon. Funding: This work was funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the French National Agency for Research (ANR; grant ANR-11-BSV7-0011). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Competing Interests: The authors declared that no competing interests exist. Author SummaryThe community of microorganisms inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract plays a critical role in determining human health. It's been hypothesized that the industrialized lifestyle, marked by a diet rich in processed foods, higher use of antibiotics, increased hygiene, and exposure to various chemicals, has altered microbiota in ways that are harmful. Studies have addressed this by comparing rural and industrialized populations, and have found that they systematically vary in their gut microbiome composition. Nevertheless, the relative influence of host genetics, diet, climate, medication, hygiene practices, and parasitism is still not clear. In addition, microbial variation between nearby human populations has not been explored in depth. Moreover, The World Health Organization estimates that 24% of the world's population, concentrated in developing countries, is infected with gut parasites. Despite this, and evidence for direct interactions between the immune syste...

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“…Normal gut bacteria play a crucial role in maintaining gut mucosal integrity. The interplay between the gut microbiota, immune system and intestinal barrier limits the growth of pathogenic flora 4 and disruption of this homeostasis leads to microbial imbalance known as ‘dysbiosis’. 5 The gut microbiome is known to have major effects on systemic metabolism 67 but there are thousands of metabolites in the plasma and in the gut, many of which remain uncharacterized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gut Microbiome in Pancreatic Disease

Akshintala¹,

Talukdar

Singh³

et al. 2019

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized for its role in human health and disease. Initial evidence indicates that gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with several pancreatic diseases. Although it is not known if these associations are causative, gut dysbiosis is hypothesized to mediate chronic pro-inflammatory changes in the pancreas. Further mechanistic and epidemiological studies of the microbiome are needed. Ultimately, targeted modulation of the microbiota could have therapeutic value.

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The Interactions between Innate Immunity and Microbiota in Gastrointestinal Diseases

Cited by 35 publications

References 8 publications

Lactobacillus salivarius BP121 prevents cisplatin‑induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p‑cresol sulfate via alleviating dysbiosis

Lactobacillus salivarius BP121 prevents cisplatin‑induced acute kidney injury by inhibition of uremic toxins such as indoxyl sulfate and p‑cresol sulfate via alleviating dysbiosis

Variation in rural African gut microbiota is strongly correlated with colonization by Entamoeba and subsistence

The Gut Microbiome in Pancreatic Disease

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