The interactions between gut microbiota and bioactive ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines: A review

Gong, Xue; Li, Xue; Bo, Agula; Shi, Ruyu; Li, Qinyu; Lei, Lu-Jing; Zhang, Lei; Li, Min-Hui

doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104824

Cited by 96 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Flavonoids are recognized as xenobiotics and most glycosides are not easily transported to the target site because of their low lipophilicity, resulting in poor absorption and relatively low bioavailability (Karlsson et al, 2012;Kumar and Pandey, 2013;Man et al, 2020). Therefore, it is important to note that during GM growth and metabolism, GM can produce an array of metabolic enzymes, such as α-rhamnosidase, β-glucuronidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, nitroreductase, azoreductase, 7-α hydrolase, protease, and various carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes (Gong et al, 2020). Flavonoids are metabolized by these GM enzymes and can be converted into their corresponding phenolic acids, thus affecting the bioavailability of flavonoids in the human body (Pan et al, 2013) and increasing the bioactivity of some flavonoid metabolites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Factor in the Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids

Gao

Bateer

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death worldwide, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors cannot fully explain the occurrence of the disease. In recent years, the relationship between gut microbiota and its metabolites and cardiovascular disease has been a hot study topic. The changes in gut microbiota and its metabolites are related to the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and hypertension. The mechanisms by which gut microbiota and its metabolites influence cardiovascular disease have been reported, although not comprehensively. Additionally, following ingestion, flavonoids are decomposed into phenolic acids that are more easily absorbed by the body after being processed by enzymes produced by intestinal microorganisms, which increases flavonoid bioavailability and activity, consequently affecting the onset of cardiovascular disease. However, flavonoids can also inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms, and maintain the balance of gut microbiota. Hence, it is important to study the relationship between gut microbiota and flavonoids to elucidate the protective effects of flavonoids in cardiovascular diseases. This article will review the role and mechanism of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and hypertension. It also discusses the potential value of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease following their transformation through gut microbiota metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Factor in the Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids

Gao

Bateer

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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“… 2019 ; Gong et al. 2020 ), which can be based on 16 s or macrogenomic and metabolome sequencing for combined multi-omics analysis to investigate the role of gut microbes in the efficacy of SXF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic effects of Sheng Xue Fang in a cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia mouse model

Dou

Gong

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context Sheng Xue Fang (SXF) has been used to treat anaemia for decades with good efficacy. Objective To study the effect and possible mechanism of SXF to restore haematopoietic function. Materials and methods Balb/c mice (10 per/group, half male, half female) were treated with SXF (three dose groups, 8.5, 17, and 22.1 g/kg) by gavage for 14 days, and cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) was injected on days 10–12. Only injection of cyclophosphamide (negative control) or physiological saline (blank control) were included as controls. The spleen and femur were processed for histopathology. Active components and the target of SXF were screened. The target was used for gene enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Results Red blood cell relative changes in the SXF group (low: −5.50 ± 1.58%; medium: −11.11 ± 4.15%; high: −8.81 ± 2.67%) and relative negative control (26.21 ± 2.51%) significantly increased (all p < 0.01) in female mice. Haemoglobin and red blood cell-specific volume showed the same trend. However, SXF did not have significant effects on male mice. Splenic index in the medium group (4.44 ± 0.46%) relative negative control (3.38 ± 0.10%) significantly improved ( p < 0.01) in female mice. Using network pharmacology, 77 active components and 337 targets were screened from SXF. These targets are closely related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Conclusions SXF has good clinical application potential. However, the mechanism requires in-depth research. Our findings are of great significance in anaemia treatment and provide a new perspective for Chinese medicine research.

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“…These molecules are well-known for inhibiting α-amylase, α-glucosidase enzymes, and aldose reductase, which are key enzymes for managing T2D by lowering the carbohydrate absorption in the small intestine and colon [149]. Several in vivo studies supported in vitro findings of the potential of saponins for the management of T2D.…”

Section: Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Potential antidiabetic phytochemicals in plant roots: a review of in vivo studies

Ardalani

Amiri

Hadipanah

et al. 2021

J Diabetes Metab Disord

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Background Medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders, including diabetes, globally in a range of formulations. While attention has mainly been on the aerial plant parts, there are only a few review studies to date that are focused on the natural constituents present in the plant roots with health benefits. Thus, the present study was performed to review in vivo studies investigating the antidiabetic potential of the natural compounds in plant roots. Methods We sorted relevant data in 2001–2019 from scientific databases and search engines, including Web of Knowledge, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Medline, Reaxys, and Google Scholar. The class of phytochemicals, plant families, major compounds, active constituents, effective dosages, type of extracts, time of experiments, and type of diabetic induction were described. Results In our literature review, we found 104 plants with determined antidiabetic activity in their root extracts. The biosynthesis pathways and mechanism of actions of the most frequent class of compounds were also proposed. The results of this review indicated that flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and phytosteroids are the most abundant natural compounds in plant roots with antidiabetic activity. Phytochemicals in plant roots possess different mechanisms of action to control diabetes, including inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, oxidative stress reduction, secretion of insulin, improvement of diabetic retinopathy/nephropathy, slow the starch digestion, and contribution against hyperglycemia. Conclusion This review concludes that plant roots are a promising source of bioactive compounds which can be explored to develop against diabetes and diabetes-related complications. Graphical abstract

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The interactions between gut microbiota and bioactive ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines: A review

Cited by 96 publications

References 48 publications

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Factor in the Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Regulator of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Factor in the Therapeutic Effects of Flavonoids

Therapeutic effects of Sheng Xue Fang in a cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia mouse model

Potential antidiabetic phytochemicals in plant roots: a review of in vivo studies

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