The interactions between adipose tissue secretions and Parkinson's disease: The role of leptin

Abstract

Leptin is a hormone that regulates appetite by acting on receptors in the hypothalamus, where it modifies food intake to maintain equilibrium with the body energy resources. Leptin and its receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, suggesting that they may give neuronal survival signals. The potential of leptin to decrease/increase neuronal damage and neuronal plasticity in Parkinson's diseases (PD) is the subject of this review, which outlines our current knowledge of how leptin acts in the brain. Although leptin‐mediated neuroprotective signalling results in neuronal death prevention, it can affect neuroinflammatory cascades and also neuronal plasticity which contribute to PD pathology. Other neuroprotective molecules, such as insulin and erythropoietin, share leptin‐related signalling cascades, and therefore constitute a component of the neurotrophic effects mediated by endogenous hormones. With the evidence that leptin dysregulation causes increased neuronal vulnerability to damage in PD, using leptin as a target for therapeutic modification is an appealing and realistic option.

Filbertone-Induced Nrf2 Activation Ameliorates Neuronal Damage via Increasing BDNF Expression

“…Neurotrophic factors like BDNF play a critical role in the survival and development of neurons [39], and alterations in BDNF levels have been associated with PD [53]. Obesity, an escalating issue in contemporary society, is a contributing factor to PD [33]. Our research explored the impact of lbertone on BDNF levels using murine models of PD, speci cally those triggered by a HFD and MPTP administration.…”

“…Obesity is recognized as a contributing factor to the progression of PD due to elevated systemic in ammation [33]. To assess the anti-in ammatory effect of lbertone on HFD-induced neuronal in ammation, we measured the levels of pro-in ammatory cytokines in the midbrain and hypothalamus using qRT-PCR.…”

Leptin alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

“…Leptin is a peptide hormone that binds its receptors to exert pleiotropic effects on biological functions. Leptin plays a universal role in promoting survival and proliferation, which has been confirmed in a variety of tissue and cell types [ 41 , 42 ]. Accumulating evidence emphasizes that leptin protects mitochondria, increases anti-inflammatory factor levels, and reduces excitatory neurotransmitter levels and apoptotic protein levels [ 14 , 43 ].…”

Leptin Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Induced by Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

“…Leptin is a peptide hormone that binds to its receptors to lead pleiotropic effects on biological functions. Leptin has a universal role in promoting survival and proliferation, which has been con rmed in a variety of tissue and cell types (Ekraminasab et al, 2022;McGregor and Harvey, 2018). Accumulating evidence emphasizes that leptin protects mitochondria, increases anti-in ammatory factor levels, and reduces excitatory neurotransmitter levels and apoptotic protein levels (Gairolla et al, 2017;Hu et al, 2019).…”