The Interaction of Two Widely Used Endodontic Irrigants, Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite, and Its Impact on the Disinfection Protocol during Root Canal Treatment

Drews, Dirk-Joachim; Nguyen, Anh Duc; Diederich, Antje; Gernhardt, Christian Ralf

doi:10.3390/antibiotics12030589

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Within the scope of this investigation, sodium hypochlorite demonstrated a notably higher degree of efficacy in eliminating Candida growth, and this difference reached statistical significance when compared to other experimental groups. This finding is supported by previous studies [15,16]. The hindrance of cell metabolism arises from the reaction between Cl and the NH2 group resulting in the formation of chloramines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Silver Nanoparticles, and Zinc Nanoparticles against Candidal Biofilm: An In Vitro Study

Ravi,

Kini,

Shenoy

et al. 2024

RAiSE-2023

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Silver Nanoparticles, and Zinc Nanoparticles against Candidal Biofilm: An In Vitro Study

Ravi,

Kini,

Shenoy

et al. 2024

RAiSE-2023

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“…It usually involves the alternating use of antiseptic and chelating solutions to ensure antimicrobial and tissue-dissolving effects together with the removal of the smear layer. Considering potential chemical interactions, some of which are deemed potentially dangerous, care should be taken to prevent the mixing of different solutions by intercepting the procedure with saline or distilled water [32]. In 2005, the concept of continuous chelation emerged, introducing the possibility of combining NaOCl with a weak chelating agent, such as HEDP [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of pH and Optical Properties of Dual Rinse HEDP Irrigating Solution

Simic,

Papic,

Nikitovic

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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This study investigates the pH values and optical characteristics of Dual Rinse HEDP, either independently or combined with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and compares them to other irrigants used in endodontics. The solutions used in this study were commercially acquired and prepared, followed by pH measurements using a pH meter and spectral analysis using UV/Vis spectrophotometry in specified wavelengths of the ultraviolet (UV) C (190–280 nm), UVB (281–315 nm), UVA (316–400 nm), visible light (VL) (401–780 nm), and near-infrared (NIR) spectra (781–1100 nm). The pH analysis revealed alkaline values for NaOCl, EDTA, Dual Rinse HEDP, and the HEDP + NaOCl combination, an acidic value for citric acid, and nearly neutral values for chlorhexidine and distilled water. Spectral analysis revealed the notable absorption characteristics of endodontic irrigants. In the UV range, all solutions exhibited higher absorption values to water (p < 0.05), with Dual Rinse HEDP resembling EDTA and citric acid, and HEDP + NaOCl resembling NaOCl. The NIR region highlights absorption peaks around 975 nm for all solutions, including NaOCl and Dual Rinse HEDP + NaOCl, suggesting potential applications in laser-activated irrigation. This study provides comprehensive insights into the pH and optical features of endodontic irrigants, emphasizing their potential roles in enhancing disinfection strategies and optimizing laser-activated irrigation protocols.

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“…Three percent NaOCl was chosen for this study because higher concentrations of 6-8.5% have known cytotoxic effects. Lower concentrations between 0.5 and 2% show less bactericidal properties [ 13 ]. Our study noticed that the use of 3% NaOCl was effective in removing the smear layer compared to irrigation with only saline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Different Root Canal Irrigating Solutions in Removing Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Nanda,

Singh,

Kamble

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of frequently used chemical agents in terms of their capacity to eliminate the smear layer after instrumentation, as observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Materials and methods Sixty extracted single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth, each with roots 15 mm in length, were used in this study. The teeth were divided into one control group and four study groups, each containing 12 teeth. In Control Group 0, teeth were irrigated with 3 ml of saline only. In Group 1, teeth were irrigated initially with 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and then given a final rinse with 3 ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for one minute. In Group 2, teeth were irrigated with 3% NaOCl and given a final rinse with 3 ml of a mixture of tetracycline, acid, and detergent (MTAD, BIOPURE) for one minute. In Group 3, teeth were irrigated with saline and given a final rinse with 3 ml of 17% EDTA for one minute. In Group 4, teeth were irrigated with saline and given a final rinse with 3 ml of MTAD for one minute. One-half of each tooth was chosen and prepared for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination at the cervical, middle, and apical thirds. These were observed at magnifications of up to 1,000 times to check for the presence or absence of a smear layer. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and post-hoc Dunn's test. Results All of the root canal irrigation protocols exhibited superior efficacy compared to the control group in the elimination of the smear layer. Group 2 (3% NaOCl with MTAD) showed the lowest mean scores, compared to all the groups, followed by Group 1 (3% NaOCl with 17% EDTA). MTAD was more effective than EDTA. The smear layer was effectively removed from the apical third, followed by the middle and coronal thirds of the root. Conclusion Initial irrigation with 3% NaOCl and one-minute final irrigation with 3 ml MTAD was the most effective root irrigant, and particularly indicated in teeth with infection of the apical third.

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The Interaction of Two Widely Used Endodontic Irrigants, Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite, and Its Impact on the Disinfection Protocol during Root Canal Treatment

Cited by 10 publications

References 94 publications

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Silver Nanoparticles, and Zinc Nanoparticles against Candidal Biofilm: An In Vitro Study

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Sodium Hypochlorite, Silver Nanoparticles, and Zinc Nanoparticles against Candidal Biofilm: An In Vitro Study

Evaluation of pH and Optical Properties of Dual Rinse HEDP Irrigating Solution

Efficacy of Different Root Canal Irrigating Solutions in Removing Smear Layer: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

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