The interaction of recovery and environmental conditions: An analysis of the outer shelf edge of western North America during the early Triassic

Woods, Adam D.; Alms, Paul D.; Monarrez, Pedro M.; Mata, Scott A.

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.05.014

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The Datuguan brachiopod fauna only includes Athyridida (three species within one genus) in the Smithian, and is dominated by Athyridida, Spiriferinida and Terebatulida in both species (13 species within nine genera), and specimen counts in the Spathian ( Figure 13 ). This suggests that the brachiopod recovery occurred in the Spathian rather than Smithian, which is consistent with the global biotic recovery event for this substage [ 68 , 69 , 70 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A Highly Diverse Olenekian Brachiopod Fauna from the Nanpanjiang Basin, South China, and Its Implications for the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Biology

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As one of the predominant benthic organisms in the Palaeozoic, brachiopod was largely eliminated in the Permian–Triassic boundary mass extinction, and then highly diversified in the Middle Triassic. Since fossil data from the Early Triassic are rarely reported, the recovery patterns of Early Triassic brachiopods remain unclear. This study documents a well-preserved fauna that is the most diverse Olenekian brachiopod fauna so far (age constrained by conodont biostratigraphy) from the Datuguan section of ramp facies in South China. This fauna is composed of 14 species within nine genera, including six genera (Hirsutella, Sulcatinella, Paradoxothyris, Dioristella, Neoretzia and Isocrania) found in the Early Triassic for the first time and three new species, including Paradoxothyris flatus sp. nov., Hirsutella sulcata sp. nov. and Sulcatinella elongata sp. nov. The Datuguan fauna indicates that the diversity of Olenekian brachiopod fauna has been underestimated, which can be caused by a combination of reduced habitats (in geographic size and sedimentary type) compared with the end-Permian, great bed thickness making it difficult to find fossils and most species in the fauna having low abundance. Based on the faunal change in the Datuguan section and environmental changes in South China, it can be inferred that brachiopod recovery in the studied section occurred in the latest Spathian rather than the Smithian when the environment started to ameliorate. Global brachiopod data also indicates that the initial recovery of brachiopods happened in the Spathian, and many genera that widely occurred in the Middle or Late Triassic had originated in the Olenekian.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

A Highly Diverse Olenekian Brachiopod Fauna from the Nanpanjiang Basin, South China, and Its Implications for the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2023

Biology

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“…An investigation on the distribution of diverse ichnofaunal communities led Beatty, Zonneveld & Henderson (2008) and Zonneveld, Gingras & Beatty (2010) to hypothesise that wave-aerated settings on shallow marine shelves created oxygenated habitats that could support a diverse and large macrofauna during periods when oxygen minimum zones expanded into shallow settings, dubbed the habitable zone hypothesis. Support for a habitable zone during the Early Triassic also comes from tropical and subtropical settings in Nunavat, Canada ( Beatty, Zonneveld & Henderson, 2008 ; Proemse et al, 2013 ), western Canada ( Beatty, Zonneveld & Henderson, 2008 ), western USA ( Fraiser & Bottjer, 2009 ; Pietsch, Mata & Bottjer, 2014 ; Woods et al, 2019 ), Lombardy, Italy ( Foster et al, 2018a ), Dolomites, Italy ( Foster et al, 2017 ; Posenato, 2019 ), South China ( Shi et al, 2015 ; Feng et al, 2017 ), Svalbard ( Foster, Danise & Twitchett, 2017 ), and Australia ( Chen, Fraiser & Bolton, 2012 ; Feng et al, 2021 ). Even though, many successions support this hypothesis, the habitable zone or an oxygenated setting does not guarantee rapid recovery ( Twitchett et al, 2004 ; Foster et al, 2015 ; Feng et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been proposed that shallow marine settings above wave base provided oxygenated refugia that allowed marine ecosystems to recover faster than in deeper marine settings that had become anoxic/euxinic, i.e ., the habitable zone hypothesis ( Beatty, Zonneveld & Henderson, 2008 ; Zonneveld, Gingras & Beatty, 2010 ). Whilst data from many sections do support the habitable zone hypothesis ( Godbold et al, 2017 ; Foster et al, 2017 ; Woods et al, 2019 ), not all sections above wave base record rapid recovery following the mass extinction ( Twitchett et al, 2004 ; Foster et al, 2015 ; Feng et al, 2017 ). Investigations of the O suggests that there were generally high temperatures throughout the Early Triassic, but with a highly dynamic climate with subsequent warming and cooling phases associated with other environmental changes ( Sun et al, 2012 ; Romano et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Palaeoecology of the Hiraiso Formation (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan) and implications for the recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction

Foster

Godbold

Brayard

et al. 2022

PeerJ

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The Hiraiso Formation of northeast Japan represents an important and under-explored archive of Early Triassic marine ecosystems. Here, we present a palaeoecological analysis of its benthic faunas in order to explore the temporal and spatial variations of diversity, ecological structure and taxonomic composition. In addition, we utilise redox proxies to make inferences about the redox state of the depositional environments. We then use this data to explore the pace of recovery in the Early Triassic, and the habitable zone hypothesis, where wave aerated marine environments are thought to represent an oxygenated refuge. The age of the Hiraiso Formation is equivocal due to the lack of key biostratigraphical index fossils, but new ammonoid finds in this study support an early Spathian age. The ichnofossils from the Hiraiso Formation show an onshore-offshore trend with high diversity and relatively large faunas in offshore transition settings and a low diversity of small ichnofossils in basinal settings. The body fossils do not, however, record either spatial or temporal changes, because the shell beds represent allochthonous assemblages due to wave reworking. The dominance of small burrow sizes, presence of key taxa including Thalassinoides, Rhizocorallium and Holocrinus, presence of complex trace fossils, and both erect and deep infaunal tiering organisms suggests that the benthic fauna represents an advanced stage of ecological recovery for the Early Triassic, but not full recovery. The ecological state suggests a similar level of ecological complexity to late Griesbachian and Spathian communities elsewhere, with the Spathian marking a globally important stage of recovery following the mass extinction. The onshore-offshore distribution of the benthic faunas supports the habitable zone hypothesis. This gradient is, however, also consistent with onshore-offshore ecological gradients known to be controlled by oxygen gradients in modern tropical and subtropical settings. This suggests that the habitable zone is not an oxygenated refuge that is only restricted to anoxic events. The lack of observed full recovery is likely a consequence of a persistent oxygen-limitation (dysoxic conditions), hot Early Triassic temperatures and the lack of a steep temperature/water-depth gradient within the habitable zone.

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“…The deposition of these anachronistic facies is the manifestation of related environmental events following the LPME [8,11]. Understanding the genetic mechanisms and depositional settings in which these rocks formed is crucial to comprehending the processes involved in Early Triassic ecosystem reconstruction [8,[11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies on Lower Triassic intraclastic limestones have been conducted in the Paleotethys and Neotethys successions, particularly in South China [4,5,9,[12][13][14] and western North America [12,13,[15][16][17]. Given the close relationship between the turbulent ancient ocean events and delayed recovery [18], intraclastic limestones may serve as a proxy indicator of paleo-ocean environmental changes in the Lower Triassic [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Triassic (Griesbachian) Deposits of High-Energy Events at the Northwestern Upper Yangtze Region, China

Qiao,

Duan,

Shi

2023

Minerals

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Following the latest Permian mass extinction (LPME), the ocean experienced turbulent conditions due to elevated temperatures during the Griesbachian (Early Triassic). These adverse conditions resulted in a prolonged delay in biotic recovery. However, the current understanding of the sedimentological responses of the ocean at that time to these adverse conditions remains incomplete. The Griesbachian harsh ocean conditions led to the formation of abnormal carbonate rocks (known as anachronistic facies) all around the world. These facies were influenced by a combination of environmental conditions, biotic factors, and actualistic sedimentological processes (e.g., waves and currents, sedimentation). However, the role of actualistic sedimentological processes in forming anachronistic facies during the Griesbachian has been underemphasized in the existing studies. In this research, we examine calcirudite beds, such as flat-pebble conglomerates, from Member 1 of the Feixianguan Formation across multiple sections, including Shangsi, Yudongzi, Dagouli, and Jianfeng in the Upper Yangtze Region. Our analysis is grounded in field investigations, thin-section observations, and the study of triggering mechanisms and formation processes. We identified and described five calcirudite beds (S1–S5) in the Shangsi section, two beds (D1–D2) in the Dagouli section, one at Jianfeng (J1), and one (Y1) in the Yudongzi section. Bed S1 features matrix-supported flat pebbles with a normal grading, interpreted as the result of a debris flow mass-transport process. Beds S2, S3, D1, and J1 contain large mud rip-up clasts, ooids, and bioclasts, suggesting a potential link with tsunami backwash. Beds S4, D2, and Y1 display hummocky cross-stratification and ‘chrysanthemum-shaped’ flat pebbles, indicating storm influence. The presence of vermicular limestones in Bed S5 suggests harsh marine environmental conditions. Collectively, this evidence suggests that high-energy oceanic conditions, including tsunamis and frequent storms, potentially influenced Early Triassic biotic recovery.

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The interaction of recovery and environmental conditions: An analysis of the outer shelf edge of western North America during the early Triassic

Cited by 8 publications

References 69 publications

A Highly Diverse Olenekian Brachiopod Fauna from the Nanpanjiang Basin, South China, and Its Implications for the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery

A Highly Diverse Olenekian Brachiopod Fauna from the Nanpanjiang Basin, South China, and Its Implications for the Early Triassic Biotic Recovery

Palaeoecology of the Hiraiso Formation (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan) and implications for the recovery following the end-Permian mass extinction

Early Triassic (Griesbachian) Deposits of High-Energy Events at the Northwestern Upper Yangtze Region, China

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