The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors

Brand, Matthias; Wegmann, Elisa; Stark, Rudolf; Müller, Astrid; Wölfling, Klaus; Robbins, Trevor W.; Potenza, Marc N.

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032

Cited by 827 publications

(829 citation statements)

References 131 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

731

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Second, we have previously developed and validated in 2 independent samples (unpublished data) a new scale (Binge-watching Effects Scale [BWES]) to assess the effects of binge-watching on every-day life, loss of self-control and automatized habitual behaviour, as these aspects are not addressed in other measures. Initially, 92 items were generated that focused primarily on issues of time management like excessive time investment or neglect of other tasks [28], facets of loss of self-control like difficulties in resisting temptations or breaking habits [33,34], and delay discounting [35] which have been related to problematic behavioural patterns [16,17]. The answers were given on a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (= strongly disagree) to 6 (= strongly agree).…”

Section: Negative Consequences Associated With Binge-watchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given this debate, it is essential to enhance our understanding of the transition from binge-watching as a passion [14] or a positive non-interfering engagement [15] to an excessive and uncontrolled behaviour that is associated with negative consequences, functional impairment in everyday-life and distress. The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) has been suggested by Brand et al [16,17] as a theoretical framework for the hypothesized processes, which underlie the development and maintenance of an addictive use of certain Internet applications, such as gaming, pornography use, shopping, and social-networks use. The development of problematic behaviour is considered to develop as a consequence of interactions between neurobiological and psychological predisposing variables (e.g., personality traits, psychopathology like depression) and moderating/ mediating variables such as affective aspects (e.g., craving, motivation to experience pleasure or to reduce negative mood), cognitive aspects (e.g., reward expectancies, coping style, implicit cognitions), executive functions, and decision making.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no studies are available that assessed whether depressive symptoms and impulsivity are 2 independent factors that contribute to the development of negative consequences from binge-watching or whether the interaction of these factors underlies possible problematic binge-watching. Based on the I-PACE model [16,17], it can be assumed that impulsivity as a predisposing factor interacts with depressed mood and this interaction aggravates the risk to develop problematic binge-watching behaviours.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Tóth-Király et al [15] reported that neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness were positively related to the time spent binge-watching and problematic series watching, while conscientiousness appeared as a protective factor that was negatively correlated to binge-watching. However, the independent contribution of these variables to binge watching when taking into account variables which have been related more closely to problematic be-Eur Addict Res 2020;26:141-150 DOI: 10.1159/000506307 havioural patterns like depressive symptoms and impulsivity [16,17] remains unclear so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Binge-Watching Behaviour: The Role of Impulsivity and Depressive Symptoms

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Following the digital progress and the availability of online streaming services, binge-watching (in the literature often defined as watching > 2 episodes of a TV series in one sitting) has become a popular viewing pattern. Concerns about possible negative consequences of this behaviour have arisen and its proximity to behavioural addictions is discussed. The aim of the present study was to explore how depressive symptoms, impulsivity and their potential interaction are related to the consequences of binge-watching. In addition, the possible association of the Big 5 personality traits neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and openness with consequences from binge-watching was assessed. Method: An online survey including the assessment of intensity of and negative consequences from binge-watching (with an adapted version of the Short-Internet-Addiction Test and a newly developed questionnaire) and questionnaires on depressive symptoms (i.e., General Depression Scale), impulsivity (i.e., Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) and personality traits (i.e., short version of the Big 5 Inventory) was completed by 228 participants. Results: Regression analysis indicated that impulsivity was associated with loss of control and neglect of duties, while depressive symptoms led to neglect of duties and social problems. No significant interaction effects were observed. Conscientiousness was the only personality trait that explained a significant proportion of the variance of consequences from binge-watching. Discussion/Conclusion: Our findings suggest that depressive symptoms and impulsivity are 2 independent pathways to negative consequences from binge watching. However, given the rather low proportion of variance proportion explained, future studies are warranted to enhance our understanding of other individual characteristics and to further clarify the proximity to behavioural addictions.

show abstract

Section: Negative Consequences Associated With Binge-watchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Binge-Watching Behaviour: The Role of Impulsivity and Depressive Symptoms

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They also highlight the importance of investigating potential mechanisms that contribute to the development and maintenance of such behaviors especially in younger ages in order to derive possible implications for prevention measures. Brand and colleagues [27,28] proposed a theoretical model (Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution; I-PACE) to specify mechanisms involved in addictive behaviors, such as the problematic use of social networks. The I-PACE model is based on the assumption that specific motives, needs and further personal predispositions including social deficiencies interact with affective and cognitive processes (e.g., Internet-related cognitive biases such as specific expectancies) as well as executive components (e.g., reduced inhibitory control) and experiences of gratification and compensation in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Problematic Social-Networks-Use in German Children and Adolescents—The Interaction of Need to Belong, Online Self-Regulative Competences, and Age

Ostendorf

Wegmann

Brand

2020

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adolescents nowadays spend much time communicating via social networks. Recent investigations also report a noticeable proportion showing a problematic usage behavior, underlining the importance of better understanding its development and maintenance in young individuals. Theoretical views on Internet-use disorders assume that specific predispositions and needs can contribute to addictive behaviors in interaction with further aspects including Internet-related cognitive biases. This study focuses on vulnerable individuals due to their age and investigates interactions between possible risk (need to belong, NTB) and protective factors (online self-regulative competences, OSRC). Participants (N = 466) between 10 and 17 years answered questionnaires assessing social-networks-use disorder symptoms, NTB, and OSRC. Moderated regression analysis revealed significant effects of age, NTB, and OSRC. Three-way interaction was also significant (potentially mainly caused by females), with highest social-networks-use disorder symptoms found for individuals with high NTB and low OSRC, especially when older. With high OSRC, symptoms were significantly lower for both younger and older individuals having high NTB. However, even if NTB was low, older individuals showed high social-networks-use disorder symptoms if their OSRC were low. The results highlight the importance of improving specific competences to prevent problematic usage behaviors, which should be considered in youth-tailored prevention and intervention programs.the authors also point out that the majority of young people state that they use the smartphone almost all the time, with adolescents aged between 15 and 16 years spending about twice as much time online as children aged between nine and 11 years. Furthermore, during their leisure time, the usage of the Internet in general, the usage of the smartphone and listening to music were the most important media activities stated by German adolescents in 2018 [8]. Regarding the Internet-usage time, communication accounted for the largest share, followed by entertainment and games, whereby the most frequently used communication applications were WhatsApp, Instagram, and Snapchat [8]. Communicating and staying in contact with others is generally an important motive for using social networks, as highlighted by several authors [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Following Pertegal, Oliva, and Rodríguez-Meirinhos [16], research also identified two important motives for very young individuals: on the one hand obtaining social recognition, and on the other hand belonging to an online community.Besides several advantages of such applications, research has also critically pointed out that the use of social networks can have undesired and disadvantageous consequences as well. These include, for example, becoming a cyberbullying victim, being threatened by other people, or experiencing problems in everyday life due to an uncontrolled usage [17][18][19]. Based on recent developments in the International Classification of Diseases (11th revisi...

show abstract

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Intervention in Preventing Gaming Disorder and Unspecified Internet Use Disorder in Adolescents

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IMPORTANCE Behavioral addictions were introduced as novel mental disorders in the InternationalClassification of Diseases, 11th Revision, based on evidence that human behavior itself can become addictive, similar to addiction to substances. However, previous studies on prevention of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder lacked randomization, follow-up measurements, and diagnostic interviews that assessed incidence rates; this trial was intended to fill this gap. OBJECTIVESTo investigate whether the PROTECT (Professioneller Umgang mit technischen Medien [Professional Use of Technical Media]) intervention can reduce the symptom severity and prevent full syndrome and subthreshold onset of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder in at-risk adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter cluster randomized clinical trial conducted recruitment, screening, intervention delivery, and data collection among at-risk adolescents aged 12 to 18 years in 33 high schools in Germany. Inclusion criteria for the study and symptom severity analyses were elevated symptoms of gaming disorder and unspecified internet use disorder. A subsample that met the inclusion criteria for incidence analyses (no full syndrome of gaming disorder or unspecified internet use disorder, depression, or anxiety at baseline) was analyzed for illness onset. Participants were randomized to either the PROTECT intervention group or the assessmentonly control group. Participants were assessed at baseline, 1-month follow-up, 4-month follow-up,

show abstract

The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors

Cited by 827 publications

References 131 publications

Binge-Watching Behaviour: The Role of Impulsivity and Depressive Symptoms

Binge-Watching Behaviour: The Role of Impulsivity and Depressive Symptoms

Problematic Social-Networks-Use in German Children and Adolescents—The Interaction of Need to Belong, Online Self-Regulative Competences, and Age

Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy–Based Intervention in Preventing Gaming Disorder and Unspecified Internet Use Disorder in Adolescents

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About