The interaction of marine fouling organisms with topography of varied scale and geometry: a review

Abstract

Many studies have examined the effects of surface topography on the settlement behaviour of marine organisms and this article reviews these investigations with more emphasis on the effects of topography scale. It has been observed that macro topographies (1-100 mm) are generally favoured by marine fouling taxa and are unsuitable for antifouling applications. This is because macro topographies are usually large enough to fit fouling organisms and provide refuge from dangers in the marine environment. Micro topographies had only limited success at reducing fouling from a wide range of marine taxa. The antifouling performance of micro topographies (1 to ≤ 1000 μm) is dependent on the properties of topography features in terms of symmetry, isotropy, width, length, height/depth, separation distance and average roughness. In terms of the antifouling performance of micro topography, topography geometry may only be of secondary importance in comparison to the size of features itself. It is also noted that hydrodynamic stresses also contribute to the settlement trends of foulers on textured surfaces. Future studies on antifouling topographies should be directed to hierarchical topographies because the mixed topography scales might potentially reduce fouling by both micro and macro organisms. Patterned nano-topographies (1- ≤ 1000 nm) should also be explored because the antifouling mechanisms of these topographies are not yet clear.

Potentiodynamic study of Al–Mg alloy with superhydrophobic coating in photobiologically active/not active natural seawater

“…If a superhydrophobic surface is A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t immersed, a plastron of air is trapped, thereby avoiding water penetration and, hence, wetting [2]. Superhydrophobic surfaces for seawater applications have been investigated in order to control corrosion [3,4], biofouling growth, [5,6], and friction drag [7,8]. Thinking about navigation and hulls, the simultaneous coexistence of these properties in a unique solution sounds extremely attractive.…”

Potential distribution of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang and its predicted responses to climate change based on a comprehensive habitat suitability model

“…Global warming is likely to result in changes in biological habitats, losses of regional species diversity, and increases in the risk of species extinction (Anderson, ; Marzloff et al, ; Pacifici et al, ; Urban, ). Topography affects the redistribution of moisture and heat in the natural environment; therefore, topography is an important driver of plant species distributions, especially for alpine plants, and in mountainous regions, macrotopographies are usually large enough to provide refuge for plant species under changing climates (Myan, Walker, & Paramor, ). The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau uplifted more than 3,000 m in the Quaternary period, which dramatically changed the topography and climate in this region and formed various climate types (Zhang, Fengquan, & Jianmin, ).…”

Detection of exogenous floating marine debris: an overview of techniques associated with remote sensing

“…Studies of biofouling on EFMD are now going under a rising bloom of research and have been taking two main venues to understand the following: (1) succession time frames associated with it [55][56][57][58][59] and (2) its impact on the EFMD intrinsic capabilities to withstand on the surface water [27,56,57,60]. All those aspects are important to predict EFMD behavior and to better target the methods used for search and detection.…”