The interaction of macrophage receptors with bacterial ligands

Plüddemann, Annette; Mukhopadhyay, Subhankar; Gordon, Siamon

doi:10.1017/s1462399406000159

Cited by 106 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…NF-jB is a family of nuclear transcription factors that regulate production of pro-inflammatory mediators. Another group of phagocytic/endocytic surface receptors are the non-Toll-like receptors (NTLR), which include the family of scavenger receptors and the C-type lectins [58,80]. Non-opsonic surface receptors that do not mediate phagocytosis/endocytosis but are important sensors of bacteria, fungi and viruses are the Toll-like receptors (TLR) [81].…”

Section: Microbial Recognition and Macrophage Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The macrophage: Past, present and future

2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Microbial Recognition and Macrophage Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The macrophage: Past, present and future

2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Currently 11 human and 13 mouse TLRs have been described and all share several features [13,14,[16][17][18]. As transmembrane proteins, each has an extracellular and a cytoplasmic domain.…”

Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This aspect of the TLR is essential for downstream signaling. TLRs can be expressed at the cell surface or intracellularly in endosomes [12,13,16,17].…”

Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These molecular structures can derive from cell wall contents including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), peptidoglycan (PGN), other cellular components including flagellin, microbial RNA and DNA, viral structures such as envelopes and capsids, as well as many other proteins, glycoproteins and glycolipids. In addition PRRs can respond to some host derived "danger signals" that include molecules exposed/released during cellular stress or tissue injury [12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, Pattern Recognition Receptors and Pediatric Sepsis

Doughty¹

2011

TOINFJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The mortality of septic shock in the pediatric population has improved over the last 2 decades with better supportive care however it still remains unacceptably high. Exaggerated inflammatory responses early in septic shock have been associated with poor outcomes. Regulation of the magnitude of the early inflammatory response is not well understood. The earliest aspect of the inflammatory response to pathogens is the innate immune response which is important to pathogen containment. Elements of the innate immune system activate the adaptive immune system in an antigen-specific way which leads to pathogen-specific protection and lasting immunologic memory to prevent subsequent infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are evolutionarily conserved receptors on multiple types of innate immune cells and are capable of responding to highly conserved components of pathogens called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Numerous PRRs have been defined and are present on the cell surface as well as in the cytosol. These receptors fall into several classes called Toll-like receptors which are expressed on the cell surface or on the endosomal plasma membrane, C type lectin receptors and scavenger receptors which are only present on the cell surface. Other PRRs are present in the cytosol and including NOD-like receptors which can aggregate to form inflammasomes and RIG1 like receptors. Pathogenic microorganisms are extremely diverse however there are some common patterns repeated in components of structures such as the cell wall. PRRs can respond to PAMPs comprised of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, DNA and RNA. Numerous PAMPs have been described for many classes of pathogenic microorganisms such as Gram negative bacteria, Gram positive bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. The interactions between PRRs and PAMPs comprise the earliest immune responses to foreign substances and are critical for pathogen containment and amplification of the full repertoire of the immune response. There are developmental differences in the immune systems of infants and children compared to adults. The innate immune system matures much earlier than the adaptive immune response and as a result infants and young children may be more reliant on their innate immune system. For this reason it important to fully understand the key elements of the innate immune response including the many categories of PRRs and their cognate PAMPs. As these interactions are very early in the immune response, they are particularly relevant targets for therapeutic intervention. Below is a discussion of the major classes of PRRs, their expression, ligands, and signaling pathways as well as the major classes of PAMPs that activate them.

show abstract

“…Among them, SRs are some of the earliest discovered PRR family members, which consist of a large subfamily sharing the ability of modified low-density lipoprotein recognition (2). The SR subfamily is divided into eight different classes (A-H) according to their similarities in multidomain protein structure (3). They are expressed by various cell types, including myeloid cells, selected endothelial cells, and epithelial cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scavenger Receptor in Fish Is a Lipopolysaccharide Recognition Molecule Involved in Negative Regulation of NF-κB Activation by Competing with TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 Recruitment into the TNF-α Signaling Pathway

Meng

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2012

The Journal of Immunology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scavenger receptors (SRs) play crucial roles in innate immunity by acting as pattern recognition receptors. Although SRs are widely documented in mammals, data on their occurrence and functions in ancient vertebrates are limited. In this study, we report, to our knowledge, the first cloning and functional characterization of an SR molecule from teleost fish (Tetraodon nigroviridis). This SR (TnSR) was identified as a homolog to mammalian scavenger receptor class A member 5 with the conserved structure of a class A SR. TnSR contained multidomains in a type II transmembrane receptor, including an SR cysteine-rich domain, two coiled-coil collagenous domains, a transmmebrane domain, and a short N-terminal intracellular region with an unexpected TNFR-associated factor 2-binding consensus motif similar to that in human MSR molecules. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that TnSR may be an ancient member of class A SRs resulting from the close relationship between scavenger receptor class A member 5 and macrophage SR in vertebrates associated with the subtle differences in TnSR structure. Subcellular localization analysis showed that TnSR was a cell membrane receptor with homotrimer forms involved in the recognition and internalization of LPS from surface membranes into lysosomes. Functionally, TnSR expression was dramatically induced by LPS stimulation. TnSR served as a negative regulator in LPS-induced NF-κB activation by the competitive recruitment of TNFR-associated factor 2 from the TNF-α signaling pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that SR plays an inhibitory role in LPS-elicited inflammation by cross-talking with the TNF-α inflammatory pathway. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the biological and evolutionary history of the SR family.

show abstract

The interaction of macrophage receptors with bacterial ligands

Cited by 106 publications

References 52 publications

The macrophage: Past, present and future

The macrophage: Past, present and future

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns, Pattern Recognition Receptors and Pediatric Sepsis

Scavenger Receptor in Fish Is a Lipopolysaccharide Recognition Molecule Involved in Negative Regulation of NF-κB Activation by Competing with TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 Recruitment into the TNF-α Signaling Pathway

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About