The interaction of consecutive process steps in the manufacturing of lithium-ion battery electrodes with regard to structural and electrochemical properties

Bockholt, Henrike; Indrikova, Maira; Netz, Andreas; Golks, Frederik; Kwade, Arno

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.127

Cited by 155 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To resolve this conflict, a specific porosity is calendered, which represents the best possible compromise between the two properties described . Output parameters of each subprocess of battery production are simultaneously the input parameters for the subsequent process step due to the linear production sequence (see Figure on the left) . Prior to calendering, the mechanical properties are affected by the substrate foil and coating thickness .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12,13] Output parameters of each subprocess of battery production are simultaneously the input parameters for the subsequent process step due to the linear production sequence (see Figure 1 on the left). [4,[14][15][16] Prior to calendering, the mechanical properties are affected by the substrate foil and coating thickness. [14] In addition, the volume fractions of the materials, particle size and shape [14] as well as the mixing procedure from upstream processes are affecting these characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] The tighter particle structure can be attributed to the mechanical stresses applied during the compaction process which lead to a rearrangement of the particles. [16,22] The porosity determined during calendering strongly affects the wetting behavior and thus the wetting time of the electrode. [23] To achieve higher energy densities, a further reduction of the amount of inactive materials such as substrate foil, binder, and housing is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

et al. 2019

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The shift in the transport sector from internal combustion engines to battery‐powered electric vehicles and the continued demand for portable applications increases the need for batteries in the coming years. To optimize battery technologies, it is essential to fully understand the production process and the associated parameters as well as their influence on the chemical processes within the cell. At the Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), extensive knowledge of the calendering process is gathered including the investigation of the displacement behavior for both the calender rolls and the bearing, as well as the adhesion strength. The process parameters such as roll temperature and velocity, structure parameters (e. g., coating thickness, adhesion strength), and machine behavior parameters (displacement and bending line) are investigated using three calender models. The achieved porosities are verified via porosity consistency measurements. Based on the collected data, qualitative machine/material–process–structure models are built up. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy support the relations made. In addition, a connection between vertical displacement and line load is established.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

et al. 2019

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“…In order to increase the cell performance of batteries such as LIBs in addition to chemically improving the active materials, the electrode structure plays an important role for supporting electron and ion transport. The structure can be influenced by adapting process parameters along the process chain during electrode production, like, for example, within mixing, dispersing, drying, or calendaring . Another possibility is to modify the electrode composition or particle size distribution (PSD) of the active materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing Graphite‐Based Positive Electrodes and Their Properties in Dual‐Ion Batteries Using Particle Size‐Adjusted Active Materials

et al. 2019

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In almost all state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries, the negative electrode is made from graphite. For dual‐ion batteries (DIBs), graphite electrodes can even be used as negative and positive electrodes as the electrolyte provides both cations and anions for energy storage. As the amount of active material is very high in graphite electrodes, one of the main structure‐controlling parameters is its particle size distribution (PSD). Based on changes in the active material particle size and resulting changes in electrode structure, the corresponding cell characteristics like coulombic efficiency or power density are strongly affected. Herein, results for graphite positive electrodes manufactured with different PSDs of one typical commercial synthetic graphite are displayed. A high‐performance single‐wheel air classifier is used to create the differently distributed graphite particle fractions that do not vary in particle shapes for all fractions created. To gain a better understanding of the particle size impact on electrode properties, the electronic and mechanical properties, as well as the electrode structure, are investigated. The electrochemical performance of the Li metal/graphite system is correlated with structure properties influenced by PSD.

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“…() and Bockholt et al . (). For example, the electrical pathways can be improved, among others, by adding graphite or calendaring, see Bockholt et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Analysis of the 3D microstructure of experimental cathode films for lithium‐ion batteries under increasing compaction

Kuchler¹,

Prifling²,

Schmidt

et al. 2018

Journal of Microscopy

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It is well known that the microstructure of electrodes in lithium-ion batteries has an immense impact on their overall performance. The manufacturing of the batteries includes the so-called calendering, where the electrodes are compressed with a certain pressure, which is called compaction load. This process step mainly determines the resulting morphology of the electrode and thus the properties of the battery. Therefore, eight cathodes with different compaction loads were manufactured and imaged by synchrotron tomography, which leads to 3D images containing detailed information about the inner structure of the cathode. This image data allows an extensive analysis of the 3D cathode microstructure with respect to increasing compaction. In order to quantify the microstructural changes we use several characteristics describing diverse properties of the morphology. Furthermore, the 3D image data can be used for the computation of characteristics which can not be determined by experiments. Therefore, 3D image data allows us to understand how the microstructure of cathodes is influenced by the compaction load. Finally, we are able to predict the distribution of a certain characteristic for arbitrary compaction loads. This information is valuable with regard to the development of improved lithium-ion batteries.

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The interaction of consecutive process steps in the manufacturing of lithium-ion battery electrodes with regard to structural and electrochemical properties

Cited by 155 publications

References 63 publications

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

Modelling of the Calendering Process of NMC‐622 Cathodes in Battery Production Analyzing Machine/Material–Process–Structure Correlations

Designing Graphite‐Based Positive Electrodes and Their Properties in Dual‐Ion Batteries Using Particle Size‐Adjusted Active Materials

Analysis of the 3D microstructure of experimental cathode films for lithium‐ion batteries under increasing compaction

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