The interaction of carbon with carbon dioxide and oxygen at temperatures up to 3000°K

Combustion Rate of Solid Carbon in the Axisymmetric Stagnation Flowfield Established over a Sphere and/or a Flat Plate

“…Figure 5(b) compares predicted results with experimental data in CO 2 flow of 120 s −1 , with the CO 2 mass fraction of 0.5. A fair degree of agreement is demonstrated in the trend and approximate magnitude, except for the temperature range from 2000 K to 2500 K. The discrepancy in this temperature range has been attributed to the dust separation from the surface, the density change of carbon, and so forth [33,55], which have not been taken into account in the present formulation described in Section 2.…”

“…Figure 1 and a fair degree of agreement has been demonstrated, as far as the trend and approximate magnitude are concerned. Here, further experimental comparisons are to be made for results of Golovina and Khaustovich [55], with keeping both the gas-phase and surface kinetic parameters fixed. Figure 5(a) compares predicted results with experimental data in airflow of 120 s −1 at an atmospheric pressure, the freestream velocity ∞ = 0.6 m/s, and the sphere diameter = 15mm, made of electrode carbon.…”

“…Experimental comparisons for the combustion rate under an atmospheric pressure: (a) in airflow; (b) in CO 2 -flow with CO 2 mass fraction of 0.5; (c) in H 2 O-flow with H 2 O mass fraction of 0.5. Data points are experimental[33,55] and curves are calculated from the theory.…”

Kinetic limitations on the diffusional control theory of the ablation rate of carbon.

“…A fourth kinetic expression can be formulated employing a suggestion of Essenhigh 14 in discussing rate data published by Golovina and Khaustovich. 15 Having deduced from the experimental conditions of Golovina and Khaustovich that oxygen transport should not significantly influence the reaction rate, Essenhigh proposed a simple adsorption-desorption rate mechanism. Evaluation of the undetermined constants in Essenhigh's proposed mechanism from the data of Golovina and Khaustovich yields the following kinetic expression: m = fafaPo 2 /(faP 02 + fe)…”

Critical condition related to the activation of solid fuel particles; comparisons with experimental results for char combustion in a quiescent environment

“…Some of their results [20][21][22][23][24] with graphite particles, necessarily set under the stagnation-flow configuration, have further been compared with theoretical results [24,25], in order to verify viability of the combustion rate, derived analytically with using basic characteristics of the chemically reacting boundary layers [26], because of its well-defined, one-dimensional nature, characterized by a single parameter, called the stagnation velocity-gradient [27]. Such experimental results as are obtained under low Reynolds numbers have further been compared with theoretical results [28,29] for a single carbon particle in a quiescent environment, after introducing some kinds of modifications for the mass transfer, aiming for expedient estimation of the combustion rate.…”