The interaction of a high irradiance, subpicosecond laser pulse with aluminum: The effects of the prepulse on x-ray production

Cobble, J. A.; Schappert, G. T.; Jones, Llewellyn H.; Taylor, Antoinette J.; Kyrala, G. A.; Fulton, R. D.

doi:10.1063/1.348536

Cited by 55 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is close to the known damage threshold of aluminum. We note that our ASE pedestal intensity was smaHer, by more than one order of magnitude, than the one used in a similar study by Cobble and co-workers [45] who used 650 fs, 248 nm laser pulses. No evidence was found for a variation of the absorbed laser energy with the polarization state of the laser.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…An ultrafast shutter consisting of a self-phase modulation water ceH and a diffraction grating was added in front of the photodiode to reduce the short pulse intensity in the clear aperture of the diode thus avoiding high voltage distortions in the diodeoscilloscope combination. The delay of the onset of the prepulse with respect to the main pulse and the prepulse energy can be varied [45] by modifying the operating conditions of the Nd:YAG pump laser. Maximum x-ray conversion, monitored by a filtered {hv) 1 keV) x-ray photodiode, was reached for an ASE fluence of 0.7 J/cm [43].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rippling of the target surface [47] by ASE removes the p-polarized radiation requirement for resonance absorption. We note that we operate in a prepulse fluence range which is very much smaller than in a previous work [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Previous studies have shown the strong influence of a poor energy contrast ratio between the laser pedestal and the short pulse on the x-ray pulse duration in the soft xray range [44] and on conversion efficiency [12,45,46]. Rippling of the target surface [47] by ASE removes the p-polarized radiation requirement for resonance absorption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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EfficientKα x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas

et al. 1994

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We have performed a detailed quantitative study of the intense electron pulse produced by nonlinear absorption during ultrafast laser-solid interaction at near normal incidence. The resulting Ea x-ray lines have been investigated by time-integrated spectroscopy in the 1-4 keV range and by Monte Carlo simulations of hot electron energy penetration in Al-Si02 and Al-CaF2 targets. Calibration of the observed electron fluence and Ea line intensities was provided by direct monoenergetic electron beam interaction with the same target. Optimum conditions for hot electron production were obtained by setting the prepulse energy fluence close to the target damage threshold. Results indicate that Ea lines were produced by a distribution function of hot electrons which carry 12% of the incident laser energy with a characteristic temperature of about 8 keV. Spectrally and spatially resolved Ea emission measurements using a cooled charge-coupled-device detector demonstrate the scaling capabilities of this x-ray source to energies in excess of 6 keV.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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EfficientKα x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas

et al. 1994

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“…Basic studies of femtosecond laser pulse interaction with aluminium have previously been reported [6][7][8]. The importance of a laser prepulse in increasing the XUV and X-ray yields is well known and has, to some extent, already been studied in the sub-picosecond region [4,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. The aim of this work was to study the possibility of generating coherent X-rays from high-intensity, ultra-short laser pulses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepulse dependence of X-ray emission from plasmas created by IR femtosecond laser pulses on solids

Steingruber¹,

Borgstrom²,

Starczewski³

et al. 1996

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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We report a strong prepulse dependence of the emission of X-rays from plasmas created by 150 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses on solids. The laser pulses were focused onto plane samples of aluminium and vanadium with a main pulse power density of about . By splitting off a portion of the main pulse we were able to generate a prepulse whose delay and intensity were variable relative to the main pulse. With no prepulse, very weak X-ray radiation from and was observed, whereas a prepulse to main pulse ratio of more than 0.1% and the prepulse preceding the main pulse by more than 2 ns produced up to 50 times stronger X-ray output.

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For the Development of Femto Second X‐Ray Laser Using Inner‐Shell L₂₃M₁ Transition in Ca

Kim

Son

Kim

et al. 2001

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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A new phys i cal scheme for femto second X-ray la sers, where the up per lasing is pumped by X-ray pho tons and the lower lasing level is de pop u lated via a Coster-Kronig radiationless tran si tion, is an a lyzed for Ca. The tran si tion wave length is 4.1 nm, which is in side the wa ter win dow. The peak spec tral bright ness of the X-ray la ser out put at 4.1 nm is pre dicted to be as large as 5 10 25 pho tons/sec./(mm 2 mrad 2 0.1% band width), which is 4 to 5 or ders of mag ni tude brighter than a typ i cal undulator ra di a tion in the sim i lar spec tral re gion. In ad dition to the high flux, the ex pected du ra tion of X-ray lasing of ~3 fs. will be use ful for the study of fast dy namics in phys i cal and bi o log i cal sci ences. IN TRO DUC TIONNew re gimes of la ser mat ter in ter ac tion have opened due to re cent ad vances in 10-fs-range, high-peak-power la ser de vel op ment.1-4 These la sers are ideal for the gen er a tion of femto second high-order har monic ra di a tion in the soft X-ray range, 5-9 and for pump ing X-ray la sers based on innershell atomic tran si tions. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16] While the past 15 years have seen signif i cant prog ress in the X-ray la ser re search and de vel opment, most X-ray la sers op er ate at low-repetition rates with pulses in pi co sec onds or lon ger. High-repetition-rate, femtosecond X-ray la sers would be use ful for dy nam i cal stud ies of ultrafast phe nom ena in na ture. 17Duguay and Rentzepis 18 first pro posed Innershell X-ray la ser schemes in 1967. In their scheme the lower level of the lasing tran si tion was the ground level of the first ion and could not de cay. The idea of us ing an atomic sys tem in which the lower level de cays was sug gested by Stankevich,19 elab o rated by Arecchi 20 and Elton, 21 and cal cu lated in de tail by Axelrod for K-shell tran si tions. 22 The tech ni cal bar rier for the suc cess ful re al iza tion of these schemes has been the devel op ment of a suf fi ciently fast and en er getic X-ray pump source whose time-scale is on the or der of the life time of the keV lasing tran si tions, i.e., in the 10-fs-range. 10,11,15,22 Such pump ing sources are now be com ing avail able due to the advent of femto second ul tra-high peak-power la sers. Such systems with peak pow ers of 10's to 100's of terawatt (TW) have been dem on strated 1 -4 and plans ex ist for ex tend ing peak powers to 1 petawatt at a 20 fs. pulse du ra tion. Even with these new la sers, in trin sic prob lems with the K-shell tran si tion X-ray la ser scheme still ex ist. In par tic u lar, elec trons produced dur ing photo-ionization and sub se quent Au ger de cays are en er getic enough to collisionally ion ize neu tral at oms, pro duc ing the lower level of the lasing tran si tion and de stroying the in ver sion. If it were pos si ble to cre ate an in ner-shell pop u la tion in ver sion via atomic pro cesses in volv ing only elec trons, the in ver sion in any photo-ionization pumped X-ray la ser schemes based on the same tran si tions would be (1)...

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The interaction of a high irradiance, subpicosecond laser pulse with aluminum: The effects of the prepulse on x-ray production

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

EfficientKα x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas

EfficientKα x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas

Prepulse dependence of X-ray emission from plasmas created by IR femtosecond laser pulses on solids

For the Development of Femto Second X‐Ray Laser Using Inner‐Shell L₂₃M₁ Transition in Ca

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The interaction of a high irradiance, subpicosecond laser pulse with aluminum: The effects of the prepulse on x-ray production

Cited by 55 publications

References 12 publications

EfficientKα x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas

EfficientKα x-ray source from femtosecond laser-produced plasmas

Prepulse dependence of X-ray emission from plasmas created by IR femtosecond laser pulses on solids

For the Development of Femto Second X‐Ray Laser Using Inner‐Shell L23M1 Transition in Ca

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For the Development of Femto Second X‐Ray Laser Using Inner‐Shell L₂₃M₁ Transition in Ca