The Interaction Effect of Independent Boards on Corporate Governance-Corporate Social Responsibility (CG-CSR) and Performance Nexus

Abstract

The financial crises over the past two decades were identified as the main reason for the economic collapse. Malaysia suffered the same fate when many organisations crumpled from inappropriate compliance of governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure practices. Given this condition, this study intends to examine the effects of governance mechanisms and CSR practice on firm performance and the moderating effect of board independence is investigated on corporate governance-CSR (CG-CSR) and performance nexus of 588 Malaysian companies listed on Bursa Malaysia between 2006 and 2017. Both accounting-based (ROA) and market-based (Tobin’s Q) performance measures have been used for measuring performance. Dynamic model using Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) has been employed on the dataset to control for potential endogeneity, reverse causality, and dynamic heterogeneity. Findings indicate that ownership concentration negatively affects ROA; chief executive officer (CEO) duality positively affects ROA and negatively affects Tobin’s Q. Moreover, investment on CSR is negatively related to both performance measures. Finally, board independence negatively moderates the CG mechanisms, CSR practice, and performance relationship. Findings of the study have implications for Bursa Malaysia and Securities Commission Malaysia to reset the limit of independent directors on board so that their unnecessary interference in operations of management may be avoided. Furthermore, companies need to reassess their CSR strategies whether they are spending on CSR activities or hiding their financial malfeasance in the name of investment on CSR.

Do women on corporate boardrooms influence remuneration patterns and socially responsible practices? Malaysian evidence

“…Accordingly, this study found a significant linkage between executive remuneration (CEO and Executive Directors) and corporate social responsibility activities (marketplace, environment, community, workplace and money spent on CSR); where CEO remuneration and directors' remuneration inversely influence marketplace practices, environment practices and community practices of CSR; whereas directors' remuneration positively impacts workplace practices of CSR. Building on the prophecy of overinvestment hypothesis (Barnea and Rubin, 2010; Jensen and Meckling, 1976) and conflict resolution hypothesis (Scherer et al ., 2006), this study fetches its theoretical support from agency theory and stakeholder theory (Karim et al , 2020b, c). Moreover, executive board gender diversity negatively moderates CEO remuneration-CSR relationship and positively moderates directors' remuneration and workplace practices' nexus.…”

Do global factors drive the interconnectedness among green, Islamic and conventional financial markets?

“…, 2020; Karim et al. , 2020a, b). However, clear evidence of connectedness among green, Islamic and conventional financial markets is lacking.…”

Is Islamic FinTech coherent with Islamic banking? A stakeholder's perspective during COVID-19

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