“…We also add trend terms to take into account structural changes in credit demand or supply due to liberalisation. This is consistent with the approach usually followed in the empirical literature when modelling similar changes, where it is assumed that a trend term may proxy these effects, or for example the impact of financial innovation (see for example Arrau et al, 1995;Kakes, 2000;Hulsewig et al, 2004;Brissimis and Vlassopoulos, 2009). Another interesting example, that we not follow here, is the approach taken by Arrau and De Gregorio (1993) who use a sample for Chile and Mexico and assume a time-varying constant term in the long-run money demand relationship, modelled as a random walk process.…”