The interaction between cognition and emotion

Abstract

Cognition and emotion have long been thought of as independent systems. However, recent research in the cognitive and neurobiological sciences has shown that the relationship between cognition and emotion is more interdependent than separate. Based on evidence from behavioral and neuroscientific research, researchers have realized that it is necessary to propose a new conceptual framework to describe the relationship between cognition and emotion. In this article, recent research from behavioral, neuroscientific and developmental research on the interaction between cognition and emotion is summarized, and how the interaction of cognition and emotion might affect computer science and artificial intelligence is discussed. It especially focuses on the implications for affective computing. emotion, cognition, interaction, affective computingThe relationship between cognition and emotion has attracted the interest of philosophers and scientists for centuries [1,2] . Starting with Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) who divided the study of behavior into two broad categories, cognition and affect [3] , cognition and emotion are viewed as separate systems and processes that seldom interact with each other [1] . In the last hundred years, the approach of functional localization has also shaped our conceptual framework of brain function that separates the emotional brain from the cognitive brain [2] . However, the behavioral and neuroscientific data in the past two decades have demonstrated that the notion of functional specialization is problematic. Increasingly more researchers have realized that the processes of cognition and emotion not only interact, but that their neural mechanisms are integrated in the brain so that they jointly contribute to behavior [1,2,[4][5][6] .In the present article, our goal is to summarize the recent behavioral and neuroscientific evidence supporting the interaction of cognition and emotion, and to review the recent accounts on this issue. The main points of the present article are as follows: Firstly, there is an interaction between cognition and emotion not only at the functional level, but also at the neurological level; secondly, the interaction and integration of cognition and emotion is essential to development, and the ability to control emotion at an early age has a significant effect on later development; and finally, the interaction of cognition and emotion may affect many aspects of people's daily activities, including technological innovation. The interaction of cognition and emotion at functional level is reviewed in the first section, the underlying neural regions involved in the interaction are introduced in the second section, and the implications of the interaction between cognition and emotion in daily life are discussed in the last section, especially focusing on the implications for affective computing.

Novel Sulfur‐Containing Cross‐Linking Agent for Si‐Based Preceramic Polymers

“…The second decomposition step is associated to the broad peak in the TIC between 230 and 450 °C range with a maximum at 396 °C. The mass spectrum recorded at 396 °C reveals a vast array of m/z signals up to 98 Da, with more intense signals (in decreasing order) at 28,18,15,16,44,45,27,43,29,39,75, and 97 Da ( Figure S2, Supporting Information). A more detailed characterization will require additional gas-chromatographic separation of the gaseous mixture.…”

“…However, reported FT-IR spectra of thiophene or polythiophene show that the thiophene ring's characteristic absorption peaks such as bending vibration of in-plane CCH exist in both DVT and PMHS-DVT at 1409 and 1466 cm −1 peaks. [29] Comparing the FT-IR spectra of reactants with that of the product we notice major changes. First, the CH vibrational characteristics for vinyl groups [27] (wave numbers above 3000 cm −1 ) vanished, while those bands just below 3000 cm −1 , as typical for aliphatic CH vibration, remained.…”

“…Third, two peaks located at 1409 and 1475 cm −1 in the spectrum of DVT represent CCH ("sp 2 -like") in-plane bending modes of double bonds of both vinyl groups and the thiophene ring. [29] The FT-IR spectrum of the PMHS-DVT aerogel product, on the other hand, exhibits only a single peak at 1466 cm −1 representing these CCH in-plane bending modes. This mode also appears at 1469 cm −1 in the Raman spectrum [30] and implies that the cross-linking was accompanied by the loss of the vinyl groups of 2, and only double bonds related to the thiophene ring retained their active CCH in-plane bending modes.…”

Non-platinum oxygen reduction electrocatalysts based on carbon-supported metal–polythiophene composites

“…The slurry was then ultrasonicated for 1 h, and mixed with thiophene (0.625 mL, Aldrich) cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (0.515 g, Aldrich), triethanolamine (1.32 g, Aldrich), and de-ionized water (7.5 mL) under 30 min ultrasonication. Subsequently, an ammonium persulfate solution (2.07 g in 5 mL water, Aldrich) was added dropwise into the mixture to synthesize the carbon-supported polythiophene (PTh/C) [21]. The mixture was then heated to 70°C in a water bath for 24 h. Each metal precursor (IrCl 3 , RuCl 3 , (NH 4 ) 2 PdCl 4 , Co(NO 3 ) 2 , FeCl 3 NiCl 2 , SnCl 4 , precursor:thiophene mole ratio = 1:4, which were all purchased from Aldrich except for (NH 4 ) 2 PdCl 4 from Alfa Aesar), was added separately to the PTh/C slurry with constant stirring at 80°C for 1 h. The pH of the mixture was increased to 11 by adding NaOH followed by chemical reduction of the metal precursors with the addition of sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 , Fluka) in excess under constant stirring for 2-3 h. The prepared metal-incorporated PTh/C catalysts (M-PTh/ C) were collected by filtration and then washed repeatedly with de-ionized water until the mixtures were neutralized (pH = 7).…”

Comprehensive information emotional theory — An assumption of cognitive-emotional interaction mechanism

“…However, recent studies on cognitive science and neurobiology have shown that cognition and emotion are interdependent and influent each other, there are complex internal links. Scientists have realized that it is necessary to propose a new conceptual framework to describe the relationship between cognition and emotion [1].…”