The interaction between alerting and executive control: Dissociating phasic arousal and temporal expectancy

Weinbach, Noam; Henik, Avishai

doi:10.3758/s13414-013-0501-6

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…This finding confirmed the dependence between attention networks [8], [11], [24], [25], [28], [32], [33], [53]. Similar to Callejas et al's [24], [25] studies using double-modality paradigm and Fan et al [26]'s study using single-modality paradigm, our results showed an inhibition from alerting network to executive function network.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A New Method for Computing Attention Network Scores and Relationships between Attention Networks

et al. 2014

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The attention network test (ANT) is a reliable tool to detect the efficiency of alerting, orienting, and executive control networks. However, studies using the ANT obtained inconsistent relationships between attention networks due to two reasons: on the one hand, the inter-network relationships of attention subsystems were far from clear; on the other hand, ANT scores in previous studies were disturbed by possible inter-network interactions. Here we proposed a new computing method by dissecting cue-target conditions to estimate ANT scores and relationships between attention networks as pure as possible. The method was tested in 36 participants. Comparing to the original method, the new method showed a larger alerting score and a smaller executive control score, and revealed interactions between alerting and executive control and between orienting and executive control. More interestingly, the new method revealed unidirectional influences from alerting to executive control and from executive control to orienting. These findings provided useful information for better understanding attention networks and their relationships in the ANT. Finally, the relationships of attention networks should be considered with more experimental paradigms and techniques.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A New Method for Computing Attention Network Scores and Relationships between Attention Networks

et al. 2014

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“…Generally speaking, warning cues often trigger two processes simultaneously: an immediate increase in automatic arousal and strategic temporal expectancy toward the target (Weinbach & Henik, 2013). Temporal expectancy refers to the ability to anticipate when a forthcoming event will occur by using temporal information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of phasic alertness on temporal precision

Liu

Huang

et al. 2017

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Many previous studies have found that there is a close relationship between attention and temporal precision. As a mechanism that regulates the intensity of attention, alertness has beneficial influences on perceptual processing. However, little is known regarding whether and how phasic alertness affects temporal precision. Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 used visual and auditory warning cues in a visual temporal order judgment (TOJ) task and a simultaneity judgment (SJ) task to investigate the phasic alerting effect on temporal precision. Participants in the TOJ and SJ tasks were required to make judgments of two successive and synchronous stimuli at various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Because of dissension regarding the SJ task, Experiment 3 adopted a dual SJ and TOJ task to create a new indicator of participant performance. Although these tasks may differ in the cognitive mechanism they involve, they all produced consistently decreased just noticeable difference (JND) scores and unaltered point of subjective simultaneity (PSS). This suggests that phasic alertness could significantly improve participants' temporal precision (reduced JNDs) of visual perception, without affecting temporal accuracy (unaltered PSS). We then discuss that the alerting effect on temporal sensitivity might be attributed mainly to transient arousal rather than temporal expectancy. Furthermore, the analysis of response ratios at each SOA could distinguish a heightened temporal precision from a reduction of attentional lapses. According to the previous and present studies, phasic alertness might simultaneously benefited the early perceptual processing and late motor execution of responses.

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“…Specifically, the interference effect was even greater when participants were expecting the target to occur at a particular moment in time. The authors suggested that temporal orienting increased motor readiness for all targets, thereby facilitating correct responses on compatible trials but increasing interference on incompatible trials (see also Weinbach and Henik, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The costs and benefits of temporal predictability: impaired inhibition of prepotent responses accompanies increased activation of task-relevant responses

2018

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While the benefit of temporal predictability on sensorimotor processing is well established, it is still unknown whether this is due to efficient execution of an appropriate response and/or inhibition of an inappropriate one. To answer this question, we examined the effects of temporal predictability in tasks that required selective (Simon task) or global (Stop-signal task) inhibitory control of prepotent responses. We manipulated temporal expectation by presenting cues that either predicted (temporal cues) or not (neutral cues) when the target would appear. In the Simon task, performance was better when target location (left/right) was compatible with the hand of response and performance was improved further still if targets were temporally cued. However, Conditional Accuracy Functions revealed that temporal predictability selectively increased the number of fast, impulsive errors. Temporal cueing had no effect on selective response inhibition, as measured by the dynamics of the interference effect (delta plots) in the Simon task. By contrast, in the Stop-signal task, Stop-signal reaction time, a covert measure of a more global form of response inhibition, was significantly longer in temporally predictive trials. Therefore, when the time of target onset could be predicted in advance, it was harder to stop the impulse to respond to the target. Collectively, our results indicate that temporal cueing compounded the interfering effects of a prepotent response on task performance. We suggest that although temporal predictability enhances activation of task-relevant responses, it impairs inhibition of prepotent responses.

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The interaction between alerting and executive control: Dissociating phasic arousal and temporal expectancy

Cited by 37 publications

References 34 publications

A New Method for Computing Attention Network Scores and Relationships between Attention Networks

A New Method for Computing Attention Network Scores and Relationships between Attention Networks

The effect of phasic alertness on temporal precision

The costs and benefits of temporal predictability: impaired inhibition of prepotent responses accompanies increased activation of task-relevant responses

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