The Intellectual Status of Patients With Paranoid Dementia Praecox

Rawlings, E.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1921.02180270059003

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Despite such strong beginnings toward a neurobiologic model of schizophrenia, the first half and even early second half of the 20th century evidenced considerable debate regarding psychogenic (or “functional”) versus biological (“organic”) models of schizophrenia (Babcock 1933 ; Bleuler 1930 ; Leonberger 1989 ; May 1931 ; Paris 2005 ; Spielmeyer 1930 ; Walker and Tessner 2008 ). There were a number of empirical reports documenting cognitive deficits among persons with schizophrenia, particularly in regard to deficits in abstraction, conceptualization, or a tendency toward overgeneralization (e.g., Bolles and Goldstein 1938 ; Cameron 1939b ; Fey 1951 ; Payne et al 1959 ; Rawlings 1921 ; Vigotsky 1934 ). With some exceptions (e.g., Babcock 1933 ; e.g., Rawlings 1921 ; Wittman 1937 ), the latter tended to be focused on a purely psychological level of description of the structure of schizophrenic thinking, i.e., with limited presumption or reference to neuropathologic mechanisms (see reviews by Lothrop ( 1961 ) and Wright ( 1975 )).…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of Neurocognitive Models Of Schizophrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were a number of empirical reports documenting cognitive deficits among persons with schizophrenia, particularly in regard to deficits in abstraction, conceptualization, or a tendency toward overgeneralization (e.g., Bolles and Goldstein 1938 ; Cameron 1939b ; Fey 1951 ; Payne et al 1959 ; Rawlings 1921 ; Vigotsky 1934 ). With some exceptions (e.g., Babcock 1933 ; e.g., Rawlings 1921 ; Wittman 1937 ), the latter tended to be focused on a purely psychological level of description of the structure of schizophrenic thinking, i.e., with limited presumption or reference to neuropathologic mechanisms (see reviews by Lothrop ( 1961 ) and Wright ( 1975 )).…”

Section: Historical Evolution Of Neurocognitive Models Of Schizophrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Do We Know About Neuropsychological Aspects Of Schizophrenia?

2009

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Application of a neuropsychological perspective to the study of schizophrenia has established a number of important facts about this disorder. Some of the key findings from the existing literature are that, while neurocognitive impairment is present in most, if not all, persons with schizophrenia, there is both substantial interpatient heterogeneity and remarkable within-patient stability of cognitive function over the long-term course of the illness. Such findings have contributed to the firm establishment of neurobiologic models of schizophrenia, and thereby help to reduce the social stigma that was sometimes associated with purely psychogenic models popular during parts of the 20th century. Neuropsychological studies in recent decades have established the primacy of cognitive functions over psychopathologic symptoms as determinants of functional capacity and independence in everyday functioning. Although the cognitive benefits of both conventional and even second generation antipsychotic medications appear marginal at best, recognition of the primacy of cognitive deficits as determinants of functional disability in schizophrenia has catalyzed recent efforts to develop targeted treatments for the cognitive deficits of this disorder. Despite these accomplishments, however, some issues remain to be resolved. Efforts to firmly establish the specific neurocognitive/neuropathologic systems responsible for schizophrenia remain elusive, as do efforts to definitively demonstrate the specific cognitive deficits underlying specific forms of functional impairment. Further progress may be fostered by recent initiatives to integrate neuropsychological studies with experimental neuroscience, perhaps leading to measures of deficits in cognitive processes more clearly associated with specific, identifiable brain systems.

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Section: Historical Evolution Of Neurocognitive Models Of Schizophrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Historical Evolution Of Neurocognitive Models Of Schizophrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Do We Know About Neuropsychological Aspects Of Schizophrenia?

2009

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“…from 6-10 to 1 P 7 , displayed similar abnormalities and much perseveration (Richmond, 1922). Rawlings (1921) found an average ability on this test equivalent to M.A. 11 years, in sixteen paranoid dementia praecox cases.…”

Section: (Iii) Results In Psychotics On Various Verbal Tests and Scalesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…These observations applied particularly to the syphilitic, ' unclassified paranoid', dedentia praecox and alcoholic patients. Rawlings's (1921) 16paranoid schizophrenics averagedM.A. 10-9on the Point Scale.…”

Section: Intelligence Teats In Psychosis 235mentioning

confidence: 99%

A SURVEY OF THE RESULTS OF INTELLIGENCE TESTS IN PSYCHOSIS¹

Brody¹

1942

British Journal of Medical Psychology

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“…Rawlings (12) making use of the Yerkes-Bridges Point Scale and tests of association and imagination found marked impairment of abstraction and generalization in schizophrenia. A number of authors (2,3,8,9,16) have reported the impairment of the abstract attitude and of the ability to shift from one set to another.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%