The Integration of Shared Autonomous Vehicles in Public Transportation Services: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles and shared mobility represent two fields of strong innovation in transportation research, and Shared Autonomous Vehicle (SAV) services have been studied as a new promising mobility system. Such services offer a strong potential especially when integrated with the Public Transport (PT) system, increasing its attractiveness by providing first- and last-mile connections to low-demand areas. This paper performs a systematic review on a niche of SAV-related literature, selecting articles that address PT-SAV integrations, the issue of how SAVs should be implemented together with already existing transit systems to enhance collective mobility. Papers have been classified firstly according to the methodological and modelling approaches used by researchers, and then according to the different operational schemes with which SAV systems can be deployed. Common findings have been reported and commented on, identifying the lack of articles aimed at determining the most suitable SAV service typology for specific contexts and network configuration. Many authors indicate that if SAVs are operated as feeder modes to mass transit, they might improve public transport connectivity. However, further research is needed to explore the efficacy of SAV systems as an opportunity to address first/last-mile PT planning issues.

Smart Insertion Strategies for Sustainable Operation of Shared Autonomous Vehicles

“…This integration has been shown to boost PT ridership, reduce car ownership, and enhance service quality in both low-demand and urban areas [16,56]. Studies have demonstrated the potential of integrating SAVs with PT to create a more inclusive and efficient urban transportation network [8,57]. To evaluate and assess this complementary nature, recent studies have focused on the design of peer-topeer ride-matching systems for integrated PT services, highlighting innovative approaches to enhance urban mobility.…”

“…This characteristic allows SAVs to be more flexible in responding to demand and optimizing routes in real-time, leading to more efficient and effective transportation services [7]. This capability allows SAVs to provide more responsive and efficient services than HOVs, which are limited by human decision-making and the need for rest periods [8]. From the fleet management perspective, the most significant advantage of SAVs is their ability to consistently adhere to real-time schedule modifications and the overall operational policies set by the dispatcher.…”

A Review of One-Box Electro-Hydraulic Braking System: Architecture, Control, and Application

“…[1][2][3][4]. In this context, ITS requires autonomous driving of vehicles, such as the ability to park automatically in parking lots and emergency braking on public roads [5]. This requires vehicles to have high-performance active braking capabilities and redundant brake backup capabilities.…”

Advancing urban mobility in the State of Qatar—Establishing a framework for autonomous vehicles in Doha

“…Drawing from the existing operational and trials of AVs in various cities worldwide, the typology of AVs acknowledges contextual factors and their distinct transportation needs, including passenger transportation, freight and cargo services, as well as precinct and facility-related functions (Jones et al, 2023). AVs have two future ownership models: private ownership and sharing models, such as ride-sharing services (Carrese et al, 2023;Heubeck et al, 2023). While private ownership of AVs offers increased convenience and more productive and relaxing experiences, there is a growing apprehension about the potential impact of AVs on mass transportation (Figure 2).…”

“…The specific consequences of AVs are determined by factors such as shared autonomous mobility business models and ridership capacity. AVs and shared mobility could significantly transform transportation systems and urban forms based on the benefit of public transportation and advanced technological solutions (Carrese et al, 2023). Shared AVs (SAVs), also known as autonomous taxis, can reduce car ownership and vehicle miles/kilometres travelled (VMT/VKT) by replacing private mobility with mobility-on-demand (MOD) and point-to-point services (Heubeck et al, 2023).…”