The integration of land and marine spatial planning

Abstract

Whilst spatial planning has evolved as a tool to manage the development and use of the terrestrial environment over decades, the development of spatial planning systems for the marine environment are in their infancy. This paper focuses on the integration of land and marine based spatial planning systems. This is informed by a brief overview of the regional development of the lands and seas of Europe which underlie spatial planning systems and by a discussion of respective spatial planning systems in terms of economic sectors, land use, and sea use. The integration of spatial planning systems is then considered, followed by evaluation of relationships between spatial planning, and the wider field of environmental management. This includes consideration of organisational and geographical scales, technical management including legal aspects, policy, strategic planning and time scales of decision-making. The paper identifies the significant factors which must be considered in the integration of marine and terrestrial planning systems over the coming decades.

Can institutional change theories contribute to the understanding of marine protected areas?

“…However, the use of spatial planning (Smith et al, 2011) as well as the discussion about integrated marine governance are still in their early stages (Van Tatenhove, 2011). More time is needed to see how they will develop.…”

Assessing governability of environmental protected areas in Phetchaburi and Prachuap Kirikhan, Thailand

“…Governing the EPA in association with existing land and marine spatial planning and ecosystem-based management efforts, as well as other terrestrial and marine protected areas (FAO 2007;Agardy et al 2011;Olsen et al 2011;Smith et al 2011), would warrant long-term protection of the natural ecosystems within the EPA and help sustain human activities. A place to start could be a consolidation of environmental restoration plans from different line agencies in order to provide consistency in the overall and long-term goals.…”

Charting the course for a blue economy in Peru: a research agenda

“…Local communities have a valuable contribution to make to MSP processes, with many studies indicating early engagement results in the development of effective plans and successful implementation (Maguire et al 2011;Gopnik et al 2012). Research will be needed to assess how future marine plans can support integration and complementarity with terrestrial planning (Smith et al 2011;Turner and Essex 2016). Additionally, a successful Peruvian marine plan will require effective governance mechanisms and institutional frameworks to implement plans and support monitoring, evaluation and enforcement to ensure they are achieving desired goals.…”