The integration of genomics testing and functional proteomics in the era of personalized medicine

Multi‑layered prevention and treatment of chronic inflammation, organ fibrosis and cancer associated with canonical WNT/β‑catenin signaling activation (Review)

“…Clinical medicine, particularly clinical oncology, is moving toward genomics-based personalized medicine due to the development of nucleotide sequence technologies. Such personalized medicine is expected to further evolve into omics- and clinical record-based precision medicine with relatively inexpensive costs due to increasing medical expenses in aging societies ( 162 ). Genomics-based testing platforms, including MSK-IMPACT ( 43 ), FoundationOne ( 163 ) and Oncomine Comprehensive Panel ( 164 ), and organoid- or PDX-based drug screening ( 165 - 167 ) are useful tools for the prescription of targeted therapeutics; however, there remain unmet medical needs for patients with refractory cancer driven by gain-of-function mutations in non-enzymatic oncogenes, including CTNNB1 and KRAS , or loss-of-function mutations in tumor-suppressor genes, including APC and TP53 .…”

Biotechnology revolution from academic entrepreneurship to industrial: chemo-entrepreneurship

“…Academic entrepreneurship is a process in which a university professor starts a new firm to turn his1 breakthrough scientific discovery into commercially viable products. 2 The form and function of firms' scientific advisory boards and the responsibilities and benefits of the members of these boards, however, receive much less research attention.…”

“…For the biotechnology entrepreneur, product opportunities may have stood in sharper relief than for electronics. 2 The divide is in part due to the mission of technology transfer offices to focus on licensing IP, and the absence of interaction. 3 The concept of the entrepreneur is problematic because by definition it aims to capture what is on the move and in a process of continuous change.…”

Combination immuno-oncology therapy with immune checkpoint blockers targeting PD-L1, PD-1 or CTLA4 and epigenetic drugs targeting MYC and immune evasion for precision medicine

“…These cutting-edge therapeutics, together with next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies that produce bulk genomics-related data as commodities of clinical medicine, have led to a gradual shift toward personalized or precision medicine. Whole genome sequencing comprehensively detecting alterations in common and rare cancer-related genes and cancer gene panels detecting alterations in approximately 300 common cancer-related genes are representative NGS-based sequencing (10)(11)(12). In current practice, personalized medicine involves using NGS-based diagnostic tests to select patients and time points for targeted therapy; in the future, precision medicine will involve utilizing multiple layers of omics data to optimize benefit-risk balance for targeted therapy (10).…”

“…Whole genome sequencing comprehensively detecting alterations in common and rare cancer-related genes and cancer gene panels detecting alterations in approximately 300 common cancer-related genes are representative NGS-based sequencing (10)(11)(12). In current practice, personalized medicine involves using NGS-based diagnostic tests to select patients and time points for targeted therapy; in the future, precision medicine will involve utilizing multiple layers of omics data to optimize benefit-risk balance for targeted therapy (10). Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the world (13).…”