The Integration of Cell Therapy and Biomaterials as Treatment Strategies for Remyelination

López-Muguruza, Eneritz; Villar-Gómez, Natalia; Matías‐Guiu, Jordi A.; Selma-Calvo, Belen; Moreno-Jiménez, Lidia; Sancho-Bielsa, Francisco J.; López-Carbonero, Juan I.; Benito‐Martín, María Soledad; García-Flores, Silvia; Bonel-García, Natalia; Kamal, Ola Mohamed-Fathy; Ojeda-Hernández, Doddy Denise; Gómez‐Pinedo, Ulises

doi:10.3390/life12040474

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Presently, there are several ongoing clinical trials exploring the potential effects of these cells. Some trials aim to modulate inflammation, creating a conducive microenvironment for remyelination, while others focus on using OPCs to replenish endogenous niches or replace cells affected by genetic or age-related factors [ 28 , 29 ]. Promising cell types under investigation include mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells [ 30 , 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: What Is Multiple Sclerosis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis

López-Muguruza,

Matute

2023

IJMS

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by demyelination and neurodegeneration. Oligodendrocytes play a vital role in maintaining the integrity of myelin, the protective sheath around nerve fibres essential for efficient signal transmission. However, in MS, oligodendrocytes become dysfunctional, leading to myelin damage and axonal degeneration. Emerging evidence suggests that metabolic changes, including mitochondrial dysfunction and alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of MS. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in both immune cells and oligodendrocytes within the CNS of MS patients. Impaired mitochondrial function leads to energy deficits, affecting crucial processes such as impulse transmission and axonal transport, ultimately contributing to neurodegeneration. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), exacerbating myelin damage and inflammation. Altered glucose metabolism affects the energy supply required for oligodendrocyte function and myelin synthesis. Dysregulated lipid metabolism results in changes to the composition of myelin, affecting its stability and integrity. Importantly, low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in MS are associated with upregulated lipid metabolism and enhanced glucose catabolism. Understanding the intricate relationship between these mechanisms is crucial for developing targeted therapies to preserve myelin and promote neurological recovery in individuals with MS. Addressing these metabolic aspects may offer new insights into potential therapeutic strategies to halt disease progression and improve the quality of life for MS patients.

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Section: What Is Multiple Sclerosis?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis

López-Muguruza,

Matute

2023

IJMS

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“…In MS, cell therapy aims to promote functional recovery through myelin regeneration or remyelination. Numerous types of stem cells have been used for that purpose, with human MSCs and NSCs being the most frequent [35]. Few studies to date have used intranasal delivery of cells in animal models of MS, with the majority using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model.…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders

Villar-Gómez

Ojeda-Hernández

López-Muguruza

et al. 2022

Cells

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Neurological disorders are a leading cause of morbidity worldwide, giving rise to a growing need to develop treatments to revert their symptoms. This review highlights the great potential of recent advances in cell therapy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Through the administration of pluripotent or stem cells, this novel therapy may promote neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and neuroregeneration in lesion areas. The review also addresses the administration of these therapeutic molecules by the intranasal route, a promising, non-conventional route that allows for direct access to the central nervous system without crossing the blood–brain barrier, avoiding potential adverse reactions and enabling the administration of large quantities of therapeutic molecules to the brain. Finally, we focus on the need to use biomaterials, which play an important role as nutrient carriers, scaffolds, and immune modulators in the administration of non-autologous cells. Little research has been conducted into the integration of biomaterials alongside intranasally administered cell therapy, a highly promising approach for the treatment of neurological disorders.

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“…On the other hand, the use of chemoattractants to improve the remyelination process is being investigated [34,35]. As mentioned, cell therapy has focused primarily on modulating the inflammatory substrate of the disease, and efforts have recently focused on restoring myelin and promoting endogenous remyelination [8,36]. In current clinical studies, efforts have only been focused on modulating the immune response, thus preventing outbreaks and sequelae of the disease [37].…”

Section: Multiple Sclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes and Biomaterials: In Search of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis

Ojeda-Hernández

Hernández-Sapiéns²,

Reza-Zaldívar

et al. 2022

Life

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Current efforts to find novel treatments that counteract multiple sclerosis (MS) have pointed toward immunomodulation and remyelination. Currently, cell therapy has shown promising potential to achieve this purpose. However, disadvantages such as poor survival, differentiation, and integration into the target tissue have limited its application. A series of recent studies have focused on the cell secretome, showing it to provide the most benefits of cell therapy. Exosomes are a key component of the cell secretome, participating in the transfer of bioactive molecules. These nano-sized vesicles offer many therapeutical advantages, such as the capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, an enrichable cargo, and a customizable membrane. Moreover, integrating of biomaterials into exosome therapy could lead to new tissue-specific therapeutic strategies. In this work, the use of exosomes and their integration with biomaterials is presented as a novel strategy in the treatment of MS.

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The Integration of Cell Therapy and Biomaterials as Treatment Strategies for Remyelination

Cited by 6 publications

References 57 publications

Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis

Alterations of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin Energy Metabolism in Multiple Sclerosis

Nose-to-Brain: The Next Step for Stem Cell and Biomaterial Therapy in Neurological Disorders

Exosomes and Biomaterials: In Search of a New Therapeutic Strategy for Multiple Sclerosis

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