The intake and excretion of lead and cadmium by the elderly

Bunker, Valda W.; Lawson, Margaret; Delves, H. T.; Clayton, Barbara E.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/39.5.803

Cited by 18 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…For example, in a study of 85 fasting males and females, Flanagan et al (1982) observed that Pb retention was not related to body Fe burden or even a 10-fold molar excess of Fe, of Zn, Co, or Ca. In a study of elderly humans, Bunker et al (1984) found the beneficial effects of Zn to be the reverse of those found in children’s studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Low Blood Lead Levels Do Not Appear to Be Further Reduced by Dietary Supplements

Gulson

Mizon

Korsch

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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ObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the association of dietary intakes of selected micronutrients and blood lead (PbB) concentrations in female adults and in children.DesignWith longitudinal monitoring, we measured daily intakes of the micronutrients calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, barium, strontium, phosphorus, zinc, iron (limited data), and copper from 6-day duplicate diets (2–13 collections per individual) and PbB concentrations. Participants were three groups of females of child-bearing age (one cohort consisting of 21 pregnant subjects and 15 nonpregnant controls, a second cohort of nine pregnant migrants), and one group of 10 children 6–11 years of age.ResultsMean PbB concentrations were < 5 μg/dL. A mixed linear model that included only group and time accounted for 5.9% of the variance of the PbB measurements; neither the effect of time nor the effect of group was significant. The model containing all of the micronutrients (except iron, for which there was a great deal of missing data), along with time and group, accounted for approximately 9.2% of the variance of PbB; this increase was not statistically significant. There was, however, a significant association of PbB with phosphorus, magnesium, and copper when all micronutrients were included in the statistical analysis, perhaps reflecting a synergistic effect.ConclusionsIn contrast to most previous studies, we found no statistically significant relationships between the PbB concentrations and micronutrient intake. In adults and older children with low PbB concentrations and minimal exposure to Pb, micronutrient supplementation is probably unnecessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Low Blood Lead Levels Do Not Appear to Be Further Reduced by Dietary Supplements

Gulson

Mizon

Korsch

et al. 2006

Environ Health Perspect

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“…Evidence in support of interaction between iron and zinc/cadmium has been obtained in human studies (40 (46) and m-xylene and isobutanol (47). These inhibitory metabolic interactions are characterized by reduced/ delayed production and excretion of metabolites, and/or increased concentrations of parent chemical(s) in the blood and expired air.…”

Section: Poliutantsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxic interactions among environmental pollutants: corroborating laboratory observations with human experience.

Krishnan

Brodeur

1994

Environ Health Perspect

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Combined exposures to multiple chemicals may result in interactions leading to a significant increase or decrease in the overall toxicity of the mixture compared to the summation of the toxicity of the components. A large number of chemical interactions have been described in animal studies by administering high doses of chemicals by routes and scenarios often different from anticipated human exposures. Though limited, there is some evidence for the occurrence of several supra-additive (the combined effects are greater than the simple summation of the individual effects) and infra-additive (the combined effects are smaller than the simple summation of the individual effects) chemical interactions in humans. For example, toxicokinetic interactions between several solvents have been found to occur in the workplace, whereas those involving pesticides have been reported less frequently, especially during accidental exposures. Toxic interactions involving nutritionally important metals and metalloids appear to occur more frequently, since several of them have an important role in a variety of physiological and biochemical processes. On the contrary, there is not much evidence to confirm the occurrence of toxic interactions among the commonly encountered inorganic gaseous pollutants in humans. Overall, the majority of chemical interactions observed in animal studies have neither been investigated in humans nor been extrapolated to humans based on appropriate mechanistic considerations. Future research efforts in the chemical interactions arena should address these issues by focusing on the development of mechanistically and biologically based models that allow predictions of the extent of interactions likely to be observed in humans.-Environ Health Perspect 102(Suppl 9): 11-17 (1994)

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The biochemical and clinical consequences of lead poisoning

Al‐Saleh

1994

Medicinal Research Reviews

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The intake and excretion of lead and cadmium by the elderly

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Low Blood Lead Levels Do Not Appear to Be Further Reduced by Dietary Supplements

Low Blood Lead Levels Do Not Appear to Be Further Reduced by Dietary Supplements

Toxic interactions among environmental pollutants: corroborating laboratory observations with human experience.

The biochemical and clinical consequences of lead poisoning

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