The insulin resistance by triglyceride glucose index and risk for dementia: population-based study

Abstract

Background Insulin resistance is suggested to have negative effects on cognition; however, results from large population studies are lacking. In this study, the potential relationships between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and dementia were evaluated using a large-scale population dataset. Methods This was a retrospective, observational, cohort study using data from the National Health Information Database from 2009 to 2015 and included 5,586,048 participants 40 years age or older. The TyG index was used as a measure of insulin resistance, and participants were divided into quartiles based on TyG index. The incidence of dementia was assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) estimated with Cox proportional hazard modeling. Results During a median follow-up of 7.21 years, dementia was diagnosed in 142,714 (2.55%) participants. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) were diagnosed in 74.3% and 12.5% of the participants. Multivariate-adjusted HRs for patients in the TyG index 4th quartile were higher for dementia (HRs = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.16), AD (HRs = 1.12; 95% CI 1.09–1.14), and VD (HRs = 1.18; 95% CI 1.12–1.23) compared with the 1st quartile of TyG index; however, this had a small effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.10, 0.08, and 0.13, respectively). These effects were independent of age, sex, smoking status, physical activity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol. Conclusion In this large population study, TyG index was associated with an increased risk of dementia, including AD and VD, that was independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, although the effect size of the TyG index was small.

The association between triglyceride glucose index and depression: data from NHANES 2005–2018

“…Previous evidence indicates that depression has a certain correlation with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and clarifies the risk factors of depression which will help to further reduce dementia and AD [ 27 ]. A large cohort study found that TyG index is a risk factor for dementia, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors [ 14 ]. TyG is both related to depression and dementia, and we need to further explore the common mechanism between them to help block the cross-influence in depression and dementia.…”

“…Based on the existing literature [ 2 , 14 ], variables that might potentially confound between TyG index and depression symptoms are assessed: sex, age, race/ethnicity, education level. The Poverty Income Ratio (PIR) is used as a proxy measure for socioeconomic status (SES).…”

Triglyceride–Glucose Index as a Novel Biomarker in the Occurrence of Kidney Stones: A Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study

“…Recently several previous studies have proposed the triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, calculated from fasting levels of triglycerides (TG) and glucose, as a simple, reliable and reproducible predictive indicator marker for the assessment of IR. 11 Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the value of the TyG index in the occurrence of kidney stones among the United States (US) population.…”

Association of Alzheimer’s Disease and Insulin Resistance in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah

“…The current study was conducted to assess the association of IR with AD at KAMC-J and to study the relationship of AD with diabetes treated with insulin. There is increasing evidence to suggest that insulin irregularities and IR may play a significant role in AD pathophysiology and clinical symptoms [ 10 - 11 ]. Evidence suggests that insulin influences memory, a function mediated by the hippocampus and the adjoining medial temporal cortex [ 12 - 14 ].…”