The institutionalized elderly: dry to the bone!

A Descriptive Study of the Fluid Intake, Hydration, and Health Status of Rehabilitation Inpatients without Dysphagia Following Stroke

“…Additionally, poor mobility was significantly associated with poorer hydration measures, consistent with literature suggesting the level of functional dependence and the number of confounding medical conditions have a significant impact on fluid intake and hydration [27,21,28,4] Only the participant's independence level was significantly associated with the amount of beverage consumption; the lower the FIM and more dependent a patient at admission, the lower their average daily beverage intake. Whilst it is acknowledged that the statistical association in this study was relatively weak and should be interpreted with caution, the finding is in line with previous research documenting a relationship between dehydration and stroke severity and impairment in the acute phase post stroke [11,4].…”

An Investigation into Equations for Estimating Water Requirements and the Development of New Equations for Predicting Total Water Intake

“…Investigators studying the water requirement knowledge of nurses in long-term care facilities reported inadequate understanding by these caretakers of the basic signs and symptoms for dehydration (Armstrong-Esther, Browne, Armstrong-Esther, & Sander, 1996). Whether older adults are free-living or living in an institutional setting, care…”

“…In spite of this, the Food and Nutrition Board ( Nonetheless, this equation of 1 ml of water/kcal has been cited as a standard method to determine water requirements numerous times in the literature and is still used today (Armstrong-Esther et al, 1996;Chidester & Spangler, 1997;Feinsod et al, 2004;Ferry, 2005;FNB, 1989;Kayser-Jones, Schell, Porter, Barbaccia, & Shaw, 1999). (Dickerson & Brown, 2005;Feinsod et al, 2004;Holben et al, 1999).…”

“…Other investigators express the equation as simply 1 ml/kcal without any distinction of how they would determine kcals (Armstrong-Esther et al, 1996;Lipp et al, 1999) or as 1 ml/kcal expended (Ferry, 2005;Grandjean et al, 2003;Raman et al, 2004).…”

“…The assumption here was that individuals who were in energy balance would consume their energy requirements and expend it. Many researchers utilize energy expenditure equations as a means to determine water requirements (Armstrong-Esther et al, 1996;Chidester & Spangler, 1997;Feinsod et al, 2004;Ferry, 2005;FNB, 1989;Kayser-Jones et al, 1999). This is done by using the equation 1ml of water required/kcal expended.…”