The institutional embeddedness of social capital: a multi-level investigation across 24 European countries

Koster, Ferry; Bruggeman, Jeroen

doi:10.1332/030557308x307757

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Because of its central focus on welfare-state policies, comparative research based on the neo-materialist resource explanation has mostly been carried out in the context of European welfare regimes (Scheepers et al, 2002;Koster and Bruggeman, 2008;Van der Meer et al, 2009;Van Oorschot and Finsveen, 2009;Vergolini, 2011;Lancee and Van de Werfhorst, 2012). It is argued that more generous welfare-state policies (as in the Nordic countries) have a positive effect on social contacts.…”

Section: Welfare-state Policies Promote Social Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the state takes over the role of the main welfare provider from family and friends, supportive social networks are no longer needed as an economic safety net. Again, however, evidence for the crowding-out hypothesis is mixed at best (Scheepers et al, 2002;Van Oorschot and Arts, 2005;Kääriäinen and Lehtonen, 2006;Koster and Bruggeman, 2008;Brandt et al, 2009;Van der Meer et al, 2009).…”

Section: Welfare-state Policies Promote Social Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Round 2004 À0.13*** 0.04 À0.12*** is assumed to substitute solidarity and undermine strong family bonds, as the state offers economic security in old age that has previously been provided by the family and friends (Kääriäinen and Lehtonen, 2006;Koster and Bruggeman, 2008;Van der Meer et al, 2009). On the other hand, it has been suggested that the welfare state also induces a sense of social responsibility, so that care and support continues (Gelissen et al, 2012).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Contacts of Older People in 27 European Countries: The Role of Welfare Spending and Economic Inequality

Ellwardt

Peter

Präg

et al. 2014

European Sociological Review

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Social contacts of older people have consistently been associated with good health and longevity. The extent of individual social contacts, however, varies considerably between countries. We study why countries differ in amounts of social contacts of older adults. Using theory on income inequality and neo-materialism, we expect the amount of social contacts of older people to be highest in countries with low income inequality and comprehensive welfare spending. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the impact of country characteristics on social contacts differs with individual income and age. We combine individual-level data from the European Social Survey with country-level data from Eurostat, and test two dimensions of social contacts of people aged !60 years: having a close contact and meeting socially. Cross-national comparison of 27 European countries is realized through linear and logistic multilevel modelling. The results reveal partial support for our expectations. Income inequality and old-age poverty reduce the likelihood of having a close contact. Welfare spending, specifically expenditure on care for older adults and health services, has the potential to cancel out some of these negative effects. However, there were only small differences between age groups. The implications of these findings are being discussed.

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Section: Welfare-state Policies Promote Social Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Welfare-state Policies Promote Social Contactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social Contacts of Older People in 27 European Countries: The Role of Welfare Spending and Economic Inequality

Ellwardt

Peter

Präg

et al. 2014

European Sociological Review

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“…As welfare states Welfare state attitudes and economic integration in the EU, 1992EU, -2002 August 2009 redistribute financial resources by collecting taxes and providing assistance to the needy, they may equalize differences within countries (e.g. Koster and Bruggeman, 2008). In particular, differences in income may be altered by the welfare state.…”

Section: Dependent Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare state attitudes and economic integration in the European Union, 1992–2002: a multilevel investigation across 24 countries

Koster

2010

Policy &Amp; Politics

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This study continues earlier research efforts that investigated the impact of the European Union (EU) on welfare states by examining the relationship between the welfare state attitudes of citizens and the economic dimension of European integration. Two waves from the European and World Values Study (EVS/WVS) are combined with U CTAD data about EU trade. Multilevel analysis of this dataset including 67,346 individuals from the EU member states shows that there is a curvilinear relationship (a reversed U) between welfare state attitudes and economic integration in the EU.

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“…For example, researchers may be interested only in the effect of individual-level factors and want to test whether these effects are universally present regardless of the national context (seeGoerres 2007;Oskarrson 2010;Besley 2006). The same applies to studies where the authors are not interested in the direct effect of macro variables, but rather in their moderator effect, i.e., in the cross-level interaction effect (seeKoster and Bruggeman 2008). In both cases, the application of multilevel regression techniques is inappropriate, because it is only controlled for those country-level characteristics that are actually included in the model.…”

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confidence: 99%

The fixed effects approach as an alternative to multilevel analysis for cross-national analyses

Moehring¹

2021

Preprint

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Multilevel models that combine individual and contextual factors are increasingly popular in comparative social science research; however, their application in country-comparative studies is often associated with several problems. First of all, most data-sets utilized for multilevel modeling include only a small number (N<30) of macro-level units, and therefore, the estimated models have a small number of degrees of freedom on the country level. If models are correctly specified paying regard to the small, level-2 N, only a few macro-level indicators can be controlled for. Furthermore, the introduction of random slopes and cross-level interaction effects is then hardly possible. Consequently, (1) these models are likely to suffer from omitted variable bias regarding the country-level estimators, and (2) the advantages of multilevel modeling cannot be fully exploited.The fixed effects approach is a valuable alternative to the application of conventional multilevel methods in country-comparative analyses. This method is also applicable with a small number of countries and avoids the country-level omitted variable bias through controlling for country-level heterogeneity. Following common practice in panel regression analyses, the moderator effect of macro-level characteristics can be estimated also in fixed effects models by means of cross-level interaction effects. Despite the advantages of the fixed effects approach, it is rarely used for the analysis of cross-national data.In this paper, I compare the fixed effects approach with conventional multilevel regression models and give practical examples using data of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from 2006. As it turns out, the results of both approaches regarding the effect of cross-level interactions are similar. Thus, fixed effects models can be used either as an alternative to multilevel regression models or to assess the robustness of multilevel results.

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The institutional embeddedness of social capital: a multi-level investigation across 24 European countries

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Social Contacts of Older People in 27 European Countries: The Role of Welfare Spending and Economic Inequality

Social Contacts of Older People in 27 European Countries: The Role of Welfare Spending and Economic Inequality

Welfare state attitudes and economic integration in the European Union, 1992–2002: a multilevel investigation across 24 countries

The fixed effects approach as an alternative to multilevel analysis for cross-national analyses

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