The insect abdomen—a heartbeat manager in insects?

Tartes, Urmas; Vanatoa, Alo; Kuusik, Aare

doi:10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00173-3

Cited by 45 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The ventilatory bouts in moths and the single pumping stroke in this fly are superimposed on the slow volume changes. The coincidence of abdominal ventilatory movements with certain phases of the heartbeat has also been reported from lepidopteran and coleopteran pupae (Tartes et al, 1999;Tartes et al, 2000;Tartes et al, 2002). Experimental prevention of abdominal movements in mosquitoes (Jones, 1954) and in D. melanogaster (Wasserthal, 2007) caused the heart to stop or to beat erratically.…”

Section: Discussion Regular Periodic Heartbeat Reversals -Controversymentioning

confidence: 68%

Influence of periodic heartbeat reversal and abdominal movements on hemocoelic and tracheal pressure in resting blowfliesCalliphora vicina

Wasserthal

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYIn Calliphoridae and Drosophilidae, the dorsal vessel (heart and aorta with associated venous channels) is the only connection between the thorax and the abdomen. Hemolymph oscillates between the compartments by periodic heartbeat reversal, but both the mechanism and its influence on hemocoelic and tracheal pressure have remained unclear. The pumping direction of the heart regularly reverses, with a higher pulse rate during backward compared with forward pumping. A sequence of forward and backward pulse periods lasts approximately 34s. Pulse rate, direction, velocity and the duration of heartbeat periods were determined by thermistor and electrophysiological measurements. For the first time, heartbeat-induced pressure changes were measured in the hemocoel and in the tracheal system of the thorax and the abdomen. The tracheal pressure changed from subatmospheric during backward heartbeat to supra-atmospheric during forward heartbeat in the thorax and inversely in the abdomen. The heartbeat reversals were coordinated with slow abdominal movements with a pumping stroke at the beginning of the forward pulse period. The pressure effect of the pumping stroke was visible only in the abdomen. Periodic hemolymph shift and abdominal movements resulted in pressure changes in the hemocoel and tracheal system alternating in the thorax and abdomen, suggesting an effect on respiratory gas exchange. Supplementary material available online at

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Section: Discussion Regular Periodic Heartbeat Reversals -Controversymentioning

confidence: 68%

Influence of periodic heartbeat reversal and abdominal movements on hemocoelic and tracheal pressure in resting blowfliesCalliphora vicina

Wasserthal

2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…The finding of the essential regulatory cardiac centre in the terminal ampulla of the heart in pupae of M. sexta certainly merit further investigation, because it shows certain analogies with the regulatory, atrio-ventricular nodus of the human heart (Katz, 1992). It was suggested by Tartes et al (2002) that cycles of heartbeat activity in many insects may be regulated by extracardiac movements of the abdomen. In our experiments with the pupae of M. sexta, however, there was no causal relationship between the myogenic patterns of heartbeat reversal and neurogenic abdominal contractions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pupal and adult stages of many insects exhibit strong extracardiac pulsations in haemocoelic pressure, which seriously disturb or camouflage the heartbeat patterns (Sláma, 1984(Sláma, , 2000Sláma & Neven, 2001;Tartes et al, 2002;Sláma & Farkaš, 2004). The advantage of using diapausing pupae of M. sexta for cardiological studies is that strong extracardiac pulsations associated with CO2 release only last for 20 min every 8 to 16 h. A further advantage is the very stable pattern of heartbeat reversal, with regular switchovers between anterograde and retrograde phases every 5 to 10 min.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heartbeat reversal after sectioning the dorsal vessel and removal of the brain of diapausing pupae of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

Sláma¹

2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Reversal of heartbeat was monitored in vivo by noninvasive, multisensor, thermo-cardiographic and pulse-light, optocardiographic techniques. The dorsal vessel was sectioned at the beginning, in the middle and near the end of the abdomen. Changes in the heartbeat were simultaneously monitored in both the disconnected anterior and posterior sections of the heart. The results revealed the existence of a caudal regulatory cardiac centre located in the fused A7-A10 abdominal segments. Posterior sections, containing this terminal ampulla of the heart always exhibited a more or less normal heartbeat reversal, including both anterograde and retrograde pulsations. This shows that the forward-oriented as well as the reciprocal, backward-oriented peristaltic waves of the heart are both regulated from the posterior regulatory center, without involvement of the cephalic region. The cardiac pulsations in the anterior sections of the heart were paralysed and seriously impaired by the lesions. During the acute phase after the lesions, anterior sections showed only some convulsion-like, unidirectional, backward-oriented peristaltic pulsations of low frequency. Within one or two days after the lesions, isolated anterior sections of the heart developed a subsidiary heartbeat regulation associated with the oscillating, bi-directional peristaltic waves running alternatively, forward and backward in opposite directions.After a few days, the previously paralysed anterior sections of the heart were able to develop perfectly coordinated patterns of heartbeat reversal. At this time, the two asynchronous heartbeat patterns ran separately in each of the divided sections of the heart. One or two weeks later, reversal of the heartbeat occasionally occurred synchronously along the entire length of the dorsal vessel. Sectioning of the ventral nerve cord, removal of the cephalic nervous system (brain, frontal ganglion, suboesophageal ganglion and the associated nerves) or removal of the fused terminal abdominal ganglionic mass and adjacent caudal nerves, had no effect on the pattern of heartbeat reversal. These facts indicate that the pupal heart of M. sexta operates purely myogenically, like the human heart. The myogenic pacemakers of the caudal regulatory cardiac centre (analogous to the atrio-ventricular nodes of the human heart) are autonomous, generating inherent rhythmicity without intervention from the nervous system. Development of subsidiary pacemakers regulating rhythmicity in the lesioned myocardium and restitution of the synchronized contracting integrity between the two disconnected sections of the heart are new cardiological features, which merit further investigation.

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“…Taylor, 1977;Heusner et al, 1982). By contrast, our coulometric respirometry (a volumetric manometric system) was characterised by a continuously (uninterrupted) O 2 -compensating system (Kuusik, 1977;Kuusik et al, 1996;Tartes et al, 1999Tartes et al, , 2002. This setup has also been described by Lighton (2008).…”

Section: Coulometric Respirometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The opening-closing rhythms of the subelytral cavity associated with gas exchange patterns in diapausing Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Kuusik

Jõgar

Metspalu

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The opening-closing rhythms of the subelytral cavity and associated gas exchange patterns were monitored in diapausing Leptinotarsa decemlineata beetles. Measurements were made by means of a flowthrough CO 2 analyser and a coulometric respirometer. Under the elytra of these beetles there is a more or less tightly enclosed space, the subelytral cavity (SEC). When the cavity was tightly closed, air pressure inside was sub-atmospheric, as a result of oxygen uptake into the tracheae by the beetle. In about half of the beetles, regular opening-closing rhythms of the SEC were observed visually and also recorded; these beetles displayed a discontinuous gas exchange pattern. The SEC opened at the start of the CO 2 burst and was immediately closed. On opening, a rapid passive suction inflow of atmospheric air into the SEC occurred, recorded coulometrically as a sharp upward peak. As the CO 2 burst lasted beyond the closure of the SEC, we suggest that most of the CO 2 was expelled through the mesothoracic spiracles. In the remaining beetles, the SEC was continually semi-open, and cyclic gas exchange was exhibited. The locking mechanisms and structures between the elytra and between the elytra and the body were examined under a stereomicroscope and by means of microphotography. We conclude that at least some of the L. decemlineata diapausing beetles were able to close their subelytral cavity tightly, and that the cavity then served as a water-saving device.

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The insect abdomen—a heartbeat manager in insects?

Cited by 45 publications

References 36 publications

Influence of periodic heartbeat reversal and abdominal movements on hemocoelic and tracheal pressure in resting blowfliesCalliphora vicina

Influence of periodic heartbeat reversal and abdominal movements on hemocoelic and tracheal pressure in resting blowfliesCalliphora vicina

Heartbeat reversal after sectioning the dorsal vessel and removal of the brain of diapausing pupae of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

The opening-closing rhythms of the subelytral cavity associated with gas exchange patterns in diapausing Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata

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