The innovative “Bio-Oil Spread” prevents metabolic disorders and mediates preconditioning-like cardioprotection in rats

Abstract

Background and aims: Obesity is often associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The food industry and the associated research activities focus on formulating products that are a perfect mix between an adequate fat content and health. We evaluated whether a diet enriched with Bio-Oil Spread (SD), an olive oil-based innovative food, is cardioprotective in the presence of high-fat diet (HFD)-dependent obesity.Methods and Results: Rats were fed for 16 weeks with normolipidic diet (ND; fat: 6.2%), HFD (fat: 42%), and ND enriched with SD (6.2% of fat þ 35.8% of SD). Metabolic and anthropometric parameters were measured. Heart and liver structures were analyzed by histochemical examination. Ischemic susceptibility was evaluated on isolated and Langendorff-perfused cardiac preparations. Signaling was assessed by Western blotting. Compared to ND rats, HFD rats showed increased body weight and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Morphological analyses showed that HFD is associated with heart and liver modifications (hypertrophy and steatosis, respectively), lesser evident in the SD group, together with metabolic and anthropometric alterations. In particular, IGF-1R immunodetection revealed a reduction of hypertrophy in SD heart sections. Notably, SD diet significantly reduced myocardial susceptibility against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) with respect to HFD through the activation of survival signals (Akt, ERK1/2, and Bcl2). Systolic and diastolic performance was preserved in the SD group. Conclusions: We suggest that SD may contribute to the prevention of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular alterations typical of severe obesity induced by an HFD, including the increased ischemic susceptibility of the myocardium. Our results pave the way to evaluate the introduction of SD in human alimentary guidelines as a strategy to reduce saturated fat intake. IntroductionMen and women of all ages, races, and ethnic groups can be affected by obesity [1] and this is often accompanied by an increased morbidity and mortality due an increase of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors [2,3]. Severe obesity causes permanent hemodynamic alterations that progressively impair cardiac structure and function. When comorbidities (i.e., systemic hypertension, sleep apnea, and hypoventilation) are present together with obesity, cardiac alterations progress to heart failure (HF) [4]. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition in which a high CVD risk is associated with obesity. It is characterized by disturbed glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and hypertension [5] and is established in the presence of three of the following parameters: (i) waist circumference >40 (men) and >35 (women) inches; (ii) triglycerides >150 mg/dl; (iii) HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol <40 (men) and <50 (women) mg/dl; (iv) blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg; and (v) fasting glucose >100 mg/dl [6]. Currently, nutritional therapy is regarded as the best practice to prevent and/or reduce the cardiovascular damages associated ...

Physiological levels of chromogranin A prevent doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity without impairing its anticancer activity

“…Collagen fibers were detected in parallel sections by staining with Picro Sirius Red (38). The sections were observed using a Zeiss Axioskop Microscope, and the images were digitalized by Axiocam 105 Color (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).…”

Beneficial Effects of Polyphenol-Rich Food Oils in Cardiovascular Health and Disease

“…Taken together, polyphenol-rich food oils seem to represent a non-homogenous group with diverse effects on cardiovascular and cardiometabolic health that are mainly positive, but might be also neutral, and even negative (Table 1 , Ref. [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 43 , 45 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 52 , 55 , 56 , 59 , 65 , 66 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 77 , 78 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 148 , 159 , 160 , 162 , 166 , 167 , 169 , 179 , 189 , 201 , 203 , 206 , 209 , 210 , 211 ]). Some of the beneficial effects of these oils in cardiovascular system have been document...…”

“…Moreover, extra virgin OO was able to decrease tumor necrosis factor- (TNF- ) level and oxidative stress in heart after MI [ 21 ]. Similarly, rats fed with a diet enriched with extra virgin OO (16 weeks) exhibited significantly improved systolic and diastolic post-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) function and reduced the size of MI [ 22 ]. Moreover, a wide range of animal studies found oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol food supplementation to offer cardioprotection against MI in a model of acute MI and heart failure [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ] or even in models of drug-induced cardiomyopathies [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

The chromogranin A1‐373 fragment reveals how a single change in the protein sequence exerts strong cardioregulatory effects by engaging neuropilin‐1

“…Before killing, rats were anaesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of ethyl carbamate (2 g kg −1 body weight). Subsequently, the hearts were rapidly excised and immediately placed in ice‐cold perfusion Krebs‐Henseleit (KH) buffer, cannulated through the aorta with the use of a glass cannula and retrogradely perfused in the Langendorff apparatus at a constant flow rate of 12 mL min −1 (37°C), as previously described by Rocca et al 74 and Quintieri et al 75 Immediately after the cannulation, the apex of the left ventricle (LV) was pierced in order to avoid fluid accumulation and hearts were kept in a temperature‐controlled chamber (37°C). Perfusion was carried out by using a KH buffer (pH 7.4, gassed with 95% O 2 and 5% CO 2 ) containing in mmol L ‐1 :4.7 KCl, 113 NaCl, 25 NaHCO 3 , 1.8 CaCl 2 , 1.2 MgSO 4 , 1.2 KH 2 PO 4 , 1.1 mannitol, 11 glucose and 5 Na‐pyruvate.…”