The inner ramp facies of the Thanetian Lockhart Formation, western Salt Range, Indus Basin, Pakistan

Hanif, Muhammad; Imraz, Muhammad; Ali, Fahad; Haneef, Muhammad; Saboor, Abdus; Iqbal, Shahid; Ahmad, Sajjad

doi:10.1007/s12517-013-1099-7

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The Late Paleocene abundant foraminiferal assemblages' are documented from various sections of western Sulaiman Fold and Thrust Belt which are endemic to the Eastern Tethys (Rehman et al 2018). Similarly, the co-existence of benthic foraminifera with dinoflagellates and planktonic foraminifera show a well connected bathyal to open marine deposition of the P/E Dungan Formation (Hanif et al 2014). The petrographic based microfacies interpretation of the rock unit in Central Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt represents deposition in carbonate ramp with consistent deepening upward trends of facies (Khan et al 2010).…”

Section: Stratigraphic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, it caused the diachroneity in the closure of Seaway in the northern and southern Pakistan (Wadood et al 2020). The tectonic influenced sedimentary depositional fluctuations can be observed in the Paleocene carbonate sediments (Lockart Formation) of the Upper Indus Basin and its correlative part (Dungan Formation) in the Lower Indus Basin (Hanif et al 2014). The carbonate platform in the Upper Indus Basin during the Paleocene represents tectonically effected depositional lows in the western Kohat area, which is surrounded by depositional highs in the western and central Salt Range area (Afzal et al 2011).…”

Section: Relative and Eustatic Sea Level Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbonate platform in the Upper Indus Basin during the Paleocene represents tectonically effected depositional lows in the western Kohat area, which is surrounded by depositional highs in the western and central Salt Range area (Afzal et al 2011). Such depositional highs/lows have caused variation in the deposition of Lockart carbonates throughout the Upper Indus Basin (Hanif et al 2014). The Lockart Formation is equivalent to the Dungan Formation of Lower Indus Basin (Hanif et al 2014).…”

Section: Relative and Eustatic Sea Level Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such depositional highs/lows have caused variation in the deposition of Lockart carbonates throughout the Upper Indus Basin (Hanif et al 2014). The Lockart Formation is equivalent to the Dungan Formation of Lower Indus Basin (Hanif et al 2014). The Dungan Formation also posses variation in lithology throughout the basin (Rahman et al 2018).…”

Section: Relative and Eustatic Sea Level Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sedimentological and stratigraphical analysis of the Paleocene to Early Eocene Dungan Formation, Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan: implications for reservoir potential

Ahmad

Wadood

Khan

et al. 2020

J. Sediment. Environ.

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The present study aims to evaluate the Paleocene to Early Eocene carbonates of the Dungan Formation in the Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan for its paleo-depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy, and diagenetic effects on reservoir potential. The utilization of outcrop data for faunal identification and microfacies techniques helped in interpreting the paleo-environments and sequence stratigraphic framework. The microfacies analysis revealed that carbonates of the Dungan Formation in the Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt represent a distal middle shelf-deep basinal settings of deposition. We documented a sea-level rise of second-order (spanning from Middle Danian to Ypresian) that in turn consists of a Transgressive Systems Tract (TST) and a Regressive Systems Tract (RST) of third-order cyclicity, spanning from Danian-Selandian and Thanetian-Early Ypresian respectively. The comparison with published data, the sea-level oscillations is influenced by eustacy and local tectonics. The hydrocarbon reservoir rock characterization of the carbonates is achieved by recording marine, burial, and meteoric diagenetic phases. The processes of cementation, micritization, neomorphism, and compaction occluded the effective porosity while dissolution and fracturing have enhanced the porosity and permeability of the rock unit. The petrographic evidence augmented by quantitative plug porosity and permeability data suggest poor to moderate reservoir potential of the carbonates of the Dungan Formation.

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Section: Stratigraphic Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative and Eustatic Sea Level Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative and Eustatic Sea Level Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Relative and Eustatic Sea Level Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sedimentological and stratigraphical analysis of the Paleocene to Early Eocene Dungan Formation, Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan: implications for reservoir potential

Ahmad

Wadood

Khan

et al. 2020

J. Sediment. Environ.

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“…2b). Shallow marine foraminiferal limestone and dark-gray shale dominate the Paleocene-Eocene succession (Hanif et al 2014). The base is marked by a laterite bed (Hallam and Maynard 1987).…”

Section: Geology Of the Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural model of the Balkassar area, Potwar Plateau, Pakistan

Iqbal

Akhter

Bibi³

2015

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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Tectonic Implications of Detrital Zircon Ages From Lesser Himalayan Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Strata, Pakistan

Qasim

Ding

Khan

et al. 2018

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We carried U‐Pb‐Hf geochronology of the clastic sequence covering upper Mesozoic‐Cenozoic period. The upper Mesozoic sequence is overlain unconformably by the Cenozoic strata, marking regional K‐T boundary, which is mapped as angular unconformity. This angular relationship may strongly indicate a compressional orogenic event that occurred during the Late Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous Kohistan‐Karakoram collision and ophiolite emplacement may account for the development of this compression along the northern Indian margin. The U‐Pb‐Hf isotopic analyses of the upper Mesozoic and lower Cenozoic sequence (Hangu Formation and Lower Patala Formation) are similar to the Tethyan and Lesser Himalayan signatures, which indicate the Indian‐plate provenance. The two younger Cretaceous grains recorded in the Hangu Formation might be derived from the Indian‐plate volcanic rocks and/or Tethyan Himalayan volcanic rocks. The absence of ophiolitic age component in the precollision sequence may indicate that these ophiolites are not exposed until final India‐Eurasia collision. The major shift in provenance is recorded in the upper part of the Patala Formation, where the presence of disconformity and the appearance of <100 Ma detrital zircons indicate the contribution of Eurasian source (i.e., Kohistan‐Ladakh arc; KLA), which is further supported by the ɛHf(t) signatures. Upsection, the contribution from Eurasian source increased in the Early Middle Eocene Kuldana Formation. Therefore, we suggest that the provenance mixing close to Paleocene‐Eocene boundary indicates that the India‐Eurasia collision in the north Pakistan occurred at ∼56–55 Ma and subsequent exhumation increased the contribution of the northern (Eurasian) provenance in the upsection.

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The inner ramp facies of the Thanetian Lockhart Formation, western Salt Range, Indus Basin, Pakistan

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

The sedimentological and stratigraphical analysis of the Paleocene to Early Eocene Dungan Formation, Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan: implications for reservoir potential

The sedimentological and stratigraphical analysis of the Paleocene to Early Eocene Dungan Formation, Kirthar Fold and Thrust Belt, Pakistan: implications for reservoir potential

Structural model of the Balkassar area, Potwar Plateau, Pakistan

Tectonic Implications of Detrital Zircon Ages From Lesser Himalayan Mesozoic‐Cenozoic Strata, Pakistan

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