The inner formal structure of the H-T-P drawings: An exploratory study

Vass, Z.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(199808)54:5<611::aid-jclp7>3.0.co;2-n

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Much research involving drawings is done with standardized tests, such as the Draw A Person (DAP); House Tree Person (HTP); Draw a Story (DAS) (Leigh Neale and Rosal, 1993). In clinical frameworks, projective drawings are analysed by testing a connection between some personality trait or variable and features such as size (Prytula et al, 1978); colour use (Marzolf and Kirchner, 1973); and formal aspects of lines (Vass, 1998). The question in such contexts concerns what is to be regarded as pathological and what is not (Vass, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the standard interview: the use of graphic elicitation and arts-based methods

Bagnoli

2009

Qualitative Research

623

500

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This article reviews three visual methods based on drawing that I applied in my research on young people: the arts-based projective technique, the self-portrait, and the graphic elicitation methods of the relational map and the timeline. Examples of these methods are drawn from their application in two studies, the Narratives of Identity and Migration project, exploring young people and identities in England and Italy, and the Young Lives and Times. The article argues that applying these drawing methods in the context of an interview can open up participants’ interpretations of questions, and allow a creative way of interviewing that is responsive to participants’ own meanings and associations. The article discusses the analytical potential of graphic elicitation and arts-based methods, by making reference to the insights that they offered in the contextual analysis with more traditional text-based data. The efficacy of these methods is critically discussed, together with their limitations, and their potential within the context of qualitative longitudinal research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the standard interview: the use of graphic elicitation and arts-based methods

Bagnoli

2009

Qualitative Research

623

500

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“…It is also important to note that many experiences and feelings are preverbal; therefore, drawing communicates, expresses, and transmits information. The HTP is very useful for psychological diagnosis (Vass, 1998) and is adequate for repeated measurement and long-term follow-up studies (Yu et al, 2016).…”

Section: House-tree-person Drawingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Collaborative/Therapeutic Assessment With Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Espinoza

2020

Rorschachiana

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Abstract. The aim of the present single case study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of a therapeutic evaluation model (CTA) used for 4 years with a teenage girl (13–17 years of age) with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Clinical evaluations using autobiography as well as the Millon Adolescent Clinic Inventory, House–Tree–Person Drawing, and Rorschach test (Comprehensive System) were conducted at each of four time points: 13, 14, 15, and 17 years of age. An average of four evaluation sessions were carried out at each time point following feedback of the results to the client, reflections about her experience with the evaluation process and with results obtained were requested in writing. Progressive findings reveal a gradual decrease in ODD markers and increasing sophistication, organization, and realism in the configuration of the drawings. The Rorschach test gradually indicated a decrease in aggression content and improvement in the quality of responses. In conclusion, the longitudinal design used in the case shows a strengthening of the self, a notable decrease in oppositional defiant behavior, and an adaptation and adjustment to reality as expected for a young woman of the client’s age.

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“…It can be argued that there are many empirical models available for analysing quantitatively grounded projective tests (Hammer, 1958;Lilienfeld et al, 2000). For example, in positivist clinical settings, there are quantitative scales and measurement tools to test attitudes and personality characteristics from projective techniques (Bagnoli, 2009;Vass, 1998). In contrast, there is little in-depth guidance in the extant literature regarding qualitative projective technique analysis, thus represents an under-researched area of study (Boddy, 2004;Branthwaite, 2002;Levin-Rozalis, 2006;Nurkka et al, 2009;Pettigrew et al, 2008;Porr et al, 2011;Ramsey et al, 2004).…”

Section: Analysis and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qualitative projective techniques in political brand image research from the perspective of young adults

Pich

Dean

2015

Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal

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Purpose – This paper aimed to focus on political marketing and utilised a number of projective techniques to explore the UK Conservative Party’s “brand image” amongst young adults aged 18-24 years. There is little guidance in the extant literature regarding projective technique analysis. Furthermore, there are explicit calls for insight and more understanding into the analytical process. Responding to this identified gap in the literature, this paper provides an illustrative guide that can be used to analyse and interpret findings generated from qualitative projective techniques. Design/methodology/approach – This paper opted for an exploratory study using focus group discussions, combined with qualitative projective techniques. Eight two-hour focus group discussions were conducted with 46 young citizens aged 18-24 years from three locations in England. Focus groups were conducted prior to the 2010 UK General Election. The data from the projective techniques were thematically analysed by the researcher. Findings – This research provides insight into the broad process used to analyse and interpret the qualitative projective expressions in relation to the UK Conservative Party’s brand image from the perspective of young adults. Furthermore, this paper highlights that projective techniques can provide an insight into underlying feelings and deep-seated attitudes towards political parties, candidates and the positive and negative aspects of brand image. Research limitations/implications – Several limitations became apparent at the end of this study. As this is a qualitative study, findings cannot be generalisable to the wider population. Additionally, it is important to note that the researcher had limited experience of conducting focus group discussions combined with projective techniques, and this can be considered a limitation. Nevertheless, the researcher did attend professional “effective depth interviewing” training delivered by the “Marketing Research Society” before data collection. This goes some way in addressing this limitation. Practical implications – This paper provides an illustrative guide and insight into the analytical process that can be used to analyse and interpret findings generated from qualitative projective techniques. This can be used by academics with little experience of projective techniques. Furthermore, this framework may be useful for practitioners such as marketers, political parties and candidates to explore and analyse the external image of other political brands. The elicitation ability of qualitative projective techniques facilitates greater expressive insight that may remain hidden if traditional direct data collection tools such as interviews and questionnaires are used. Social implications – This paper provides some understanding into how to analyse subjective meaning such as feelings, attitudes, perceptions and associations revealed through projective techniques. Furthermore, projective techniques can provide access to the private conscious and unconscious inner-world of the participant. They allow respondents to express themselves with greater detail and discussion compared with direct questioning. This research, therefore, presents greater insight in managing and analysing expressions generated from this non-intrusive approach that can encourage open disclosure with less hesitancy, verbally less demanding and suitable to overcome emotional, language and cultural barriers. Originality/value – This paper adds to the under-researched and undefined practice of analysing projective expressions by providing an illustrative process to interpret and understand insight generated from qualitative projective techniques. Thus, answers the explicit calls for detailed guidance in this area of research. This was achieved by critically reviewing and adapting the approaches taken by Boddy, 2005, Butler-Kisber, 2010 and Hofstede et al., 2007 and incorporating them into a pragmatic systematic framework. This research could be used as a foundation for future studies and a point of reference for people with limited knowledge of projective technique analysis.

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The inner formal structure of the H-T-P drawings: An exploratory study

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

Beyond the standard interview: the use of graphic elicitation and arts-based methods

Beyond the standard interview: the use of graphic elicitation and arts-based methods

The Use of Collaborative/Therapeutic Assessment With Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Qualitative projective techniques in political brand image research from the perspective of young adults

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