The innate host response in caries and periodontitis

Meyle, Joerg; Dommisch, Henrik; Groeger, Sabine; Giacaman, Rodrigo A.; Costalonga, Massimo; Herzberg, Mark C.

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12781

Cited by 86 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…The breakthrough of monoclonal antibodies has serious participation in the discovery of some specific subclasses of T-cells: cytotoxic, helper, suppressor, killer etc. The mechanisms and pathways of the immune response are very complex, with a lot of different cytokines and other inflammatory mediators being involved in the development of apical and periodontal pathological conditions 7,8,9,10 . Our examination of the level of immunoglobulins in the three examined groups has shown certain changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G and M in oral inflammatory cysts before and after surgical therapy

et al. 2018

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SummaryBackground/Aim: Cysts which appear in the orofacial region are represented as common pathological changes which underlying mechanism of development is still not fully clear. In recent years, a dominant role in the pathogenesis of cysts belongs to the immunopathological reactions. It is assumed that the loss of bone in cysts is due to the presence of complementary cascades, prostaglandins synthesis and numerous neutrophil granulocytes. The main objective was to determine the levels of Ig G, A and M in serum and saliva of patients with radicular, residual and periodontal cysts before and after the surgical treatment.Material and Methods: The study included 185 patients, of which 150 patients were diagnosed with inflammatory cysts (radicular, periodontal and residual), while the control group consisted of 35 patients without presence of inflammatory cyst. The immunoglobulins were determined prior to the surgical removal of the cyst and one month after the procedure, when complete clinical wound healing was observed. The levels of these immunological markers were compared to each other before and after the cyst extirpation, taking into consideration the different cyst types. A comparison was also made between both examination and control group.Results: The difference of the basic values of the immunoglobulins before therapy and the basic values of the immunoglobulins in the control group was statistically significant only in the group of residual and periodontal cysts for IgG and IgM The difference of the average values of immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) in the group with residual cysts before and one month after therapy is statistically significant (p=0.0000; p=0.0371; p=0.0276). A significant difference was registered in IgA among the three examined groups one month after surgical intervention.Conclusions: The levels of serum immunoglobulins in patients with inflammatory cysts were elevated before the treatment and dropped after the cyst removal. This study suggests that the IgA, IgG and IgM may play an important role in the occurrence, development and persistence of the cystic lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meyle et al summarized that the innate immunity is primary responsible for the rapid molecular and cellular response of the host in the inflammatory processes 9 . These…”

Section: Surgical Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G and M in oral inflammatory cysts before and after surgical therapy

et al. 2018

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“…Such cells own the ability migrate to the infection site as a result of the increased release of chemokines and cytokines. 30 Periodontal bacteria trigger the host immune response which causes release of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in the periodontal tissues causing periodontal breakdown. 31 It has been demonstrated that a large network of cytokines plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis leading to soft tissue destruction and bone resorption.…”

Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis

et al. 2020

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Periodontitis is a common inflammatory periodontal disease affecting a wide range of population all over the world. The causing bacteria releases chemicals which activate the innate immune system to release proinﬂammatory cytokines contributing to more progression. This activates the acquired immune system leading to more progression of periodontitis. As the immune response goes on, released cytokines and chemokines can damage the periodontal ligaments, gingiva, and alveolar bone. There are many types of cytokines and chemokines in periodontitis. Cytokines are peptide mediators who are responsible for cell signaling and communication. Chemokines are a large subfamily of cytokines having the ability to coordinate leukocyte recruitment and activation. This paper is a narrative review of the literature.This review ensures that inflammatory mediators in the case of periodontitis can cause a noticeable damage in the whole apparatus of the periodontium. It causes soft tissue inflammation and bone damage affected by the mediators of both innate and acquired immune system.The inflammatory process is accompanied by large network of cytokines and chemokines. There is high expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and regulatory cytokines such as IL-4, IL-1(RA) receptor antagonist, IL-10, and induced protein (IP)-10. There is also increased production of cytokines IL-10, IL-12, interferon-γ, IP-10, IL-1RA, and IL-4. Cytokines IL-17, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and prostaglandin E2 trigger the osteoclast activity causing bone resorption.

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“…Although dental caries pathogenesis originates on the non-shedding, hard surface of the tooth, the immunology of the human host nevertheless plays a critical role in disease prevention or progression. Both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system influence caries, and past proof-of-principle studies explored the possibility of several active and passive vaccine strategies to prevent caries (reviewed in (24, 25)). In recent years, however, research regarding the immunological component of dental caries has lagged well behind study of the microbiological component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep metagenomics examines the oral microbiome during dental caries, revealing novel taxa and co-occurrences with host molecules

Baker

Morton

Dinis³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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45Dental caries is the most common chronic infectious disease globally. The microbial communities 46 associated with caries have mainly been examined using relatively low-resolution 16S rRNA gene 47 amplicon sequencing and/or using downstream analyses that are unsound for the compositional 48 nature of the data provided by sequencing. Additionally, the relationship between caries, oral 49 microbiome composition, and host immunological markers has not been explored. In this study, 50 the oral microbiome and a panel of 38 host markers was analyzed across the saliva from 23 51 children with dentin caries and 24 children with healthy dentition. Metagenomic sequencing, 52 followed by investigation using tools designed to be robust for compositional data, illustrated 53 that several Prevotella spp. were prevalent in caries, while Rothia spp. were associated with the 54 health. The contributional diversity (extent to which multiple taxa contribute to each pathway) 55 of functional pathways present in the oral microbiome was decreased in the caries group. This 56 decrease was especially noticeable in several pathways known to impede caries pathogenesis, 57 including arginine and branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis. 10 host immunological markers 58 were found to be significantly elevated in the saliva of the caries group, and microbe-metabolite 59 co-occurrence analysis provided an atlas of relationships contributing to the bi-directional 60 influence between the oral microbiome and the host immune system. Finally, 527 metagenome-61 assembled genomes were obtained from the metagenomics data, representing 151 species. 23 62 taxa were novel genera/species and a further 20 taxa were novel species. This study thus serves 63 as a model analysis pipeline that will tremendously expand our knowledge of the oral microbiome 64 and its relationship to dental caries once applied to large populations. 65 67Dental caries is the most common chronic infectious disease and will afflict well over half of the 68 global human population at some point in their lives. Dental caries is particularly problematic in 69 children, where it is five times more common than asthma, the second most common chronic 70 disease. This extreme prevalence translates to an extraordinary economic burden. Caries 71 disproportionally afflicts vulnerable populations least able to access and afford proper treatment 72(1). Historically, members of the acid-producing and acid-tolerant mutans group of streptococci, 73 particularly the paradigm species of the group, Streptococcus mutans, were considered the 74 etiologic agents of the disease (2). While caries is certainly an infectious and transmissible 75 disease caused by the oral microbiota, it is now understood to be multifactorial and ecology-76 based, because although mutans streptococci are commonly associated with caries, they are 77 neither necessary nor sufficient to cause disease (3). Interplay between host genetic and 78 immunological factors, diet and hygiene habits, and the oral microbiota affect clinica...

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The innate host response in caries and periodontitis

Cited by 86 publications

References 148 publications

The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G and M in oral inflammatory cysts before and after surgical therapy

The levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G and M in oral inflammatory cysts before and after surgical therapy

Cytokines and Chemokines in Periodontitis

Deep metagenomics examines the oral microbiome during dental caries, revealing novel taxa and co-occurrences with host molecules

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