The Inland Temperate Rainforest and Interior Wetbelt Biomes of Western North America

Coxson, Darwyn S.; Goward, Trevor; Werner, Jeffery R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.12055-x

Cited by 10 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Date Creek study occurs on the traditional territory of the Gitxsan First Nation and in the Hazelton variant of the moist cold subzone of the Interior Cedar Hemlock biogeoclimatic zone (Banner et al, 1993). It is part of the Kispiox rainforest (Coxson et al, 2019), transitional between the wetter, temperate rainforests of the Pacific coast and the drier, colder, continental interior forests. Even though mean annual precipitation is just 800 mm, as much as 45% of the days in three warmest months receive rain (150 mm, Environment Canada, 2020).…”

Section: Study Site and Opening Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though mean annual precipitation is just 800 mm, as much as 45% of the days in three warmest months receive rain (150 mm, Environment Canada, 2020). Predicted summer moisture deficit is low (64 mm) reflecting wet, cool summers and shelter from coastal winds (Coxson et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Study Site and Opening Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such discrepancies may have various reasons. First, the Kispiox rainforest has an optimal macroclimate for cephalo-and cyanolichens (Coxson et al, 2019;Goward & Arsenault, 2000a;Goward & Pojar, 1998). Second, historic low-intensity, infrequent fires left a patchwork of interwoven old and mature stands with frequent patches of fire veterans that likely enriched the epiphytic lichen communities (Neitlich & McCune, 1997;Sillett & Goslin, 1999).…”

Section: Forest Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current forestry practices and climate change are predicted to reduce globally significant temperate rainforests in British Columbia and their lichens (Bezzola & Coxson, 2020;Coxson et al, 2019). The Kispiox inland temperate rainforest (hereafter "Kispiox rainforest") supports a rich lichen flora, owing to clean air and an oceanic macroclimate of high humidity and frequent low-intensity summer rain (Coxson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Boreal and temperate rainforests are globally important for epiphytic lichens (DellaSala, 2011). In the Kispiox, few of these old rainforests are protected from logging; only 7% is protected formally (910 km 2 ) of which <1% (110 km 2 ) is known to be rich in lichens (Bezzola & Coxson, 2020;Coxson et al, 2019). Given the low level of legal protection of old forests, the progressive harvesting and fragmentation, and the projected edge effects of the remaining lichen-rich stands (Bezzola & Coxson, 2020), silvicultural prescriptions meeting lichens' ecological requirements are needed to maintain species diversity across managed forest landscapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silvicultural strategies for lichen conservation: Smaller gaps and shorter distances to edges promote recolonization

Bartemucci¹,

Lilles

Gauslaa

2022

Ecosphere

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Conservation of epiphytic lichens in managed forest landscapes relies on understanding limitations to their dispersal and establishment after harvesting. A hot spot for cephalo-and cyanolichens, the Kispiox inland temperate rainforest of British Columbia, Canada, is an example of where forest managers seek silviculture options that allow for forest harvesting to continue, while also conserving threatened species. To characterize colonization of these lichens (including the nationally threatened Nephroma occultum and Lobaria retigera), we quantified thalli on 25-year-old regenerating spruce trees at varying distances from forest edges in logged openings of different sizes surrounded by mature (160 years) or old-growth (≥350 years) forest. Lichen colonization 25 years after logging was influenced by distance from the forest edge, surrounding forest age, and opening size. Total mean colonization and number of species per three branches were 81 thalli and 8 species at the forest edge, declining to 18 and 4, respectively, approximately 50 m into the openings. Colonization of most species reached minimum levels within 80 m. Nationally threatened species and old-forest associates had higher abundances and longer colonization distances in openings surrounded by old-growth forests; whereas widespread species had greater colonization when surrounded by mature forests. Logged gaps <0.6 ha promoted higher and more diverse lichen colonization than clearcuts (>3.8 ha). This study demonstrates that forest managers should consider the spatial patterning of harvesting, with smaller openings and shorter distances between edges (likely in tandem with higher levels of retention) in forests rich in epiphytic lichens to facilitate their recolonization and conservation.

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Section: Study Site and Opening Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Site and Opening Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Forest Age Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Silvicultural strategies for lichen conservation: Smaller gaps and shorter distances to edges promote recolonization

Bartemucci¹,

Lilles

Gauslaa

2022

Ecosphere

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Estimating carbon stocks and stock changes in Interior Wetbelt forests of British Columbia, Canada

et al. 2022

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The Interior Wetbelt (IWB) of British Columbia includes the globally rare Inland Temperate Rainforest (ITR) that if managed for its substantial carbon (C) stocks can contribute to Canada's Nationally Determined Commitment under the Paris Climate Agreement. We provide spatially explicit estimates of above-and belowground live and dead biomass and soil C stocks derived from three sources:(1) government online Vegetation Resources Inventory (VRI); (2) the GlobBiomass spatial dataset; and (3) field plots (n = 27) within old-growth forests of the ITR. For live aboveground C, we summarize C stocks by elevation classes and decadal forest age. The upper bound on total C densities (above-and belowground live and dead biomass and soil C) based on VRI was a maximum of 806 megagrams (Mg) C ha À1 . The mean total biomass C density measured in field plots was 583 Mg C ha À1 with a maximum of 1275 Mg C ha À1 , which is on par with some of the world's most C-dense temperate forests. About half the C is in live biomass pools with the rest in dead biomass and soil organic C pools. The mean C density from the VRI over all elevations was 182 Mg C ha À1 , with soil organic C ~40% and live tree stems ~27%. Vegetation Resources Inventory estimates were 75% lower than field-based measurements with the greatest mismatch in areas with the highest C density. Approximately 22% of the IWB has been logged, the majority since 1970s, resulting in live above ground C declining by at least 18%, although this is likely an underestimate. Logging was heavily concentrated in low (<1000 m; 28.3% of elevation zone) to mid-elevations (1000-2000 m; 20.9%) compared with upper elevations (>2000 m; 1.2%). The region contains underappreciated C stocks that can help Canada meet its climate and conservation targets, but only if there are major forestry reforms that protect C-dense old-growth forests, allow degraded forests time to recover the logging-related C debt, and improve monitoring of C stocks and stock changes.

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Logjams in a mountain stream network: Patterns, biogeomorphic associations, and anthropogenic impacts

Cienciala,

Nelson,

Haas

2024

River Research & Apps

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Logjams, in‐channel accumulations of downed wood, play important roles governing biophysical processes in river ecosystems. In this study conducted in the mountainous inland Pacific Northwest, we leveraged a basin‐scale inventory to carry out a comprehensive analysis of logjam frequency, volume, and their associations with a suite of biophysical landscape characteristics and anthropogenic influences. We complemented this analysis with one that relies on the concept of process domains. We found that logjam frequency increased with drainage area up to ~10–30 km2 and declined thereafter, while the mean jam volume steadily increased downstream up to the area of >300 km2. Combined, these variables yielded a nonlinear downstream pattern of large wood storage in jams, peaking at drainage areas of ~10–100 km2. Logjam characteristics were associated with multiple predictors, used as proxies for biogeomorphic processes relevant for large wood supply and redistribution: bank erosion, landslides, avulsions, wood availability in riparian forest, and wood transport. Additionally, anthropogenic disturbances were inferred to strongly influence logjam‐forming processes in the study basin. A riprapped forest road disrupted a process chain responsible for large wood supply, wherein erosion undercuts slope toe, ultimately triggering landslides. Timber harvest influenced large wood supply by reducing forest biomass. Overall, these findings contribute to improved understanding of logjams: they provide insight into the complex suite of interacting natural and anthropogenic factors which, by regulating large wood inputs and redistribution, generate a basin‐scale pattern in jam frequency and volume. We believe that our study will be useful in informing river management and restoration practices.

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The Inland Temperate Rainforest and Interior Wetbelt Biomes of Western North America

Cited by 10 publications

References 27 publications

Silvicultural strategies for lichen conservation: Smaller gaps and shorter distances to edges promote recolonization

Silvicultural strategies for lichen conservation: Smaller gaps and shorter distances to edges promote recolonization

Estimating carbon stocks and stock changes in Interior Wetbelt forests of British Columbia, Canada

Logjams in a mountain stream network: Patterns, biogeomorphic associations, and anthropogenic impacts

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