The initial, primary and secondary consolidation response of soft clay reinforced with a granular column under isolated loading

Sivakumar, V.; Moorhead, M. Catherine; Donohue, Shane; Serridge, Colin J.; Tripathy, Snehasis; McKinley, J. D.; Doherty, Ciaran

doi:10.1680/jgeot.17.p.178

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These values (i.e. in relation to consolidation settlements) agree favourably with some of the published settlement reduction factors by Greenwood (1970); Vautrain (1977), Munfakh et al (1983), Pugh, (2017) and Sivakumar et al (2019).…”

Section: Methods Of Analysis and Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparative settlement response of soft clays reinforced with granular columns under widespread loads

Sivakumar

Solan

Moorhead

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Impr

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This paper examines the consolidation and settlement behaviour of soft clays deposits treated with granular columns (single and in groups). Two Rowe Cell loading chambers were used to conduct the investigations on samples of kaolin and a local Belfast natural estuarine alluvium called ‘sleech’. Tests were carried out on unreinforced samples and then reinforced samples with single and multiple column configurations. The test duration for each test was between 3 and 4 months, depending on the test material and the granular column configuration. The settlement reduction factors based on primary and secondary consolidation were examined. The study suggests that the effectiveness of granular columns at mitigating primary and/or secondary settlement is directly related to the loading intensity, the stress history and the creep characteristics of the subsoil. It was also found that the stress concentration ratio reduced with the stress level. Secondary consolidation also has some effects on the stress concentration ratio.

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Section: Methods Of Analysis and Interpretationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Comparative settlement response of soft clays reinforced with granular columns under widespread loads

Sivakumar

Solan

Moorhead

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Impr

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“…Other factors, such as mechanical properties of the columns, stress states of the surrounding soils, and external loading conditions, can also influence the creep settlements (Sexton et al, 2017;Sivakumar et al, 2021;Wu et al, 2020).…”

Section: (C) Area Replacement Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Calculation Method for Life Cycle Settlement of Soft Ground with Creep Treated by Columns

Feng

Qin

et al. 2023

Int. J. Geomech.

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For soft soils, the creep settlement plays an important role in the full life-cycle performance of infrastructures, which is a serious concern for engineers and researchers. Columns, e.g. deep cement mixed (DCM) soil columns, are commonly adopted to treat soft grounds in order to reduce the full-life settlement of the infrastructures. However, the creep behavior of soft grounds treated by DCM soil columns is often neglected, inducing underestimated total settlements or unexpected differential settlements. In this study, a new calculation method is developed for the life-cycle settlement of column-improved soft grounds by considering the creep of soft soils and load transfer between the columns and surrounding soils. A physical model test with double-layer soils improved by DCM soil columns was designed and performed to demonstrate the feasibility of the calculation method. It is found that the settlements calculated by the proposed method show good agreement with the measured data in the physical model. A parametric study was conducted, revealing that the calculated settlement of the double-layer soil improved by DCM columns can be largely influenced by the stress concentration ratio, the permeability of the DCM columns, and the area replacement ratio. Finally, the proposed method was applied to calculate the settlement in a real project.

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“…On other hand, vibrocolumns are also popular among contractors as the process is relatively quick, however the extraction of quality granular backfill material will lead to some level of CO2 emissions (Hughes and Withers, 1974;Watts et al, 2000;Serridge, 2016). In addition, this method is only suitable for low-to-moderate loading and the potential improvement with respect to settlement control is limited (Sivakumar et al, 2021, McCabe, 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

Sivakumar

Pandey

Tripathy

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Geotechnica

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Many available ground improvement techniques are effective, but involve large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. Any green ground improvement technique would thus be beneficial. In this work, dry air, supplied at low pressure and relative humidity, was used to remove water from a soft soil deposit. The investigation was carried out at model scale, with a soft soil layer formed in a box of size 1.0 × 1.0 × 0.75 m. The soil bed was fitted with slender granular columns for the injection of dry air. The technique is the reverse process of vacuum consolidation, in which the magnitude of negative pore water pressure that can be applied to the soil is limited and thus requires careful construction procedures. The dry-air approach is simple and does not require any complex construction procedures. The investigations carried out over a limited period showed a significant improvement in the strength of the soil bed, indicating possible full-scale implementation. Full-scale implementation of the technique may not require any new construction methods as the procedure is very similar to that adopted in vacuum consolidation. However, variabilities in ground conditions, including the groundwater table, may pose additional challenges and supplementary information (soil–water characteristic data and numerical modelling) may be necessary to implement this technique at full scale.

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The initial, primary and secondary consolidation response of soft clay reinforced with a granular column under isolated loading

Abstract: The initial, primary and secondary consolidation response of soft clay reinforced with a granular column under isolated loading. Géotechnique, [17-P-178R1].

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Comparative settlement response of soft clays reinforced with granular columns under widespread loads

Comparative settlement response of soft clays reinforced with granular columns under widespread loads

A New Calculation Method for Life Cycle Settlement of Soft Ground with Creep Treated by Columns

Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits

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