The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament

Brudvik, Pongsri; Rygh, Per

doi:10.1093/ejo/15.4.249

Cited by 178 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…An inefficient acute phase response leads to an exacerbated macrophage infiltration, with slow resolution of necrotic hyalinization and and excessive tissue damage, characterized by root resorption. The association of macrophages with root resorption has been reported previously, (Brudvik & Rygh, 1993a;Brudvik & Rygh, 1993b;Brudvik & Rygh, 1994a;Brudvik & Rygh, 1994b;Roberts et al, 1981) but the role of neutrophils has been overlooked. A very interesting contrast in the orthodontic catabolic process in the KO is that more root resorption was observed, but not more bone resorption away from the PDL-bone interface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Orthodontic tooth movement involves two fundamental processes possibly mediated by P2X7R: the metabolism of an associated necrotic-type tissue (hyalinized periodontal ligament tissue) and bone modeling/remodeling (Reitan, 1994;Roberts, 2005;Roberts et al, 1981;Rygh, 1974;Rygh, 1976). External root resorption, an undesirable side effect of tooth movement, has been associated with the presence of macrophages, possibly linking it to a chronic inflammatory response (Brudvik & Rygh, 1993a;Brudvik & Rygh, 1993b;Brudvik & Rygh, 1994a;Brudvik & Rygh, 1994b;Rygh, 1974;Rygh, 1976;Saito et al, 1991a). A strong association has been reported between IL-1 beta and root resorption Al-Qawasmi et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Development Of Biomechanical Orthodontic Models Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor

Viecilli

Katona

Chen

et al. 2009

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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DEDICATIONTo my parents, who have supported my education. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTSOne of the most important things I have learned during my PhD is the necessity of the existence of a working network of people that can help you achieve your goals. The more effectively this network functions, the higher the chance you will achieve the goals quickly.I would first like to thank my parents, who have unconditionally supported my decision to abandon a profitable private practice in Orthodontics, and return to humble student conditions while aiming for a full time academic career.I also thank my girlfriend Laura Kruter who has (almost always) been ok with my, some might say, not very sane ideas. Sometimes they do turn out fine, though (like this "PhD" one).I can hardly think of anyone else that could have complemented my work and ideas during this Program as well as Dr. Thomas Katona. While I was passionately conditioned to an idea, he was always rational and careful. While I was sometimes furious with a shortcoming, he was always temperate and humorous. When I ran into his office with some news about a project, he would always listen and almost never seem too busy to see me. While I was working and something went wrong, he would listen and wonder with me about the "whys" and "hows", instead of telling me what to do or express disappointment. He was even subject to some of my home culinary experiments. I was extremely fortunate to find someone that thought about science the same way I did, and that actually helped me with my project instead of just telling me what to do. I felt like we worked as a team, and that helped to increase my motivation during my studies. The third part of this project tested the role of the P2X7 receptor in the dentoalveolar morphology of C57B/6 mice. P2X7R KO (knockout) mice were compared to C57B/6 WT to identify differences in a maxillary molar and bone. Tooth dimensions viii were measured and 3D bone morphometry was conducted. No statistically significant differences were found between the two mouse types. P2X7R does not have a major effect on alveolar bone or tooth morphology.The final part examines the role of the P2X7 receptor in a controlled biomechanical model. Orthodontic mechanotransduction was compared in wild-type (WT) and P2X7R knock-out (KO) mice. Using Finite Element Analysis, mouse mechanics were scaled to produce typical human stress levels. Relationships between the biological responses and the calculated stresses were statistically tested and compared.There were direct relationships between certain stress magnitudes and root resorption and bone formation. Hyalinization and root and bone resorption were different in WT and KO. Orthodontic responses are related to the principal stress patterns in the PDL and the P2X7 receptor plays a significant role in their mechanotransduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Development Of Biomechanical Orthodontic Models Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor

Viecilli

Katona

Chen

et al. 2009

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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“…2 Thus, it is a plausible assumption that apical root displacement (ARD) is directly associated with ARR since more ARD involves resorption of a larger amount of hyalinized tissue. However, most previous studies have found only marginally significant correlations between the amount of ARD and ARR of maxillary incisors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical root displacement is a critical risk factor for apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment

Kim

Lee

et al. 2018

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objectives: To identify risk factors for apical root resorption (ARR) of maxillary and mandibular incisors using mathematical quantification of apical root displacement (ARD) and multiple linear mixed-effects modeling. Materials and Methods: Periapical radiographs of maxillary and mandibular incisors and lateral cephalograms of 135 adults were taken before and after orthodontic treatment. ARR was measured on the periapical radiographs, and movement of central incisors was evaluated on the superimposed pre-and posttreatment lateral cephalograms. ARD was mathematically calculated from pretreatment tooth length, inclination change, and movement of the incisal edge. Linear mixed-effects model analysis was performed to identify risk factors for ARR, and standardized coefficients (SCs) were calculated to investigate the relative contribution of the risk factors to ARR. Results: Vertical ARD showed the highest SCs for both maxillary and mandibular incisors. Horizontal ARD showed the second highest SC for mandibular incisors but was not significantly correlated with the ARR of maxillary incisors. When horizontal and vertical ARDs were included in the mixed-effects model, the use of self-ligating brackets was significantly correlated with increased ARR of mandibular incisors. Conclusions: ARD is a critical factor for ARR after orthodontic treatment. Careful monitoring of ARR is recommended for patients requiring significant ARD of incisors. (Angle Orthod. 2018;88:740-747.)

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“…[10][11][12][13] Radiographic, two dimensional, evaluation studies were limited to measuring only the amount of root apex loss and were highly inaccurate because of the magnification error and low reproducibility. 14 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repair of root resorption 2 to 16 weeks after the application of continuous forces on maxillary first molars in rats: A 2- and 3-dimensional quantitative evaluation

Gonzales

Hotokezaka

Darendeliler

et al. 2010

American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics

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Root resorption is an inevitable side-effect of orthodontic treatment which occurs in association with the removal of hyalinised tissue. Several studies have shown that a reparative process in the periodontium commences when the applied orthodontic force is discontinued or reduced below a certain level. However there is no study on quantitative 3D evaluation of root resorption repair.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of repair by quantitative assessment of the two and three dimensional changes of the root resorption craters after two to sixteen weeks retention periods following two weeks of continuous mesially applied orthodontic forces of 50 grams on rat molars using scanning electron and laser microscopes.Materials and Methods: 50 g mesial force was applied to move the upper left first molars of sixty Wistar male rats (10-week old) by using nickel titanium closed-coil springs for 2 weeks. Rats in one of the six randomly divided groups were sacrificed following two weeks of force application. These rats constituted the zero-week retention group. In the remaining five groups, the interdental space between the upper first and second molars was filled with resin to retain the molars. The molars were extracted after periods of retention varying between 2 and 16 weeks. Upper right molars were used as controls. Mesial and distal roots (disto-buccal and disto-palatal) were examined using scanning electron and 3D scanning laser microscopes. The surface area, depth, volume, and roughness of the root resorption craters were measured. Results: The examination showed that all the area, depth and volume of the craters decreased gradually and showed similar trends over retention time approaching a plateau at 12 th week. After 16 weeks of retention, volume of the resorption craters of the disto-buccal and disto-palatal roots reached a recovery peak of 69.5% and 66.7%, respectively. Small pits on the mesial root showed a recovery of 62.5% at 12 th week. The healing pattern in the distal roots with severe resorption and mesial roots with shallow resorption did not show significant differences. The results of this study suggest that the resorption and repair processes during the early stages of retention are balanced and the majority of the reparative process occurs after four weeks of passive retention following the application of orthodontic force and that frequent orthodontic re-activations should be avoided so that recovery and repair of the root surface damage can happen.

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The initial phase of orthodontic root resorption incident to local compression of the periodontal ligament

Cited by 178 publications

References 0 publications

Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor

Orthodontic mechanotransduction and the role of the P2X7 receptor

Apical root displacement is a critical risk factor for apical root resorption after orthodontic treatment

Repair of root resorption 2 to 16 weeks after the application of continuous forces on maxillary first molars in rats: A 2- and 3-dimensional quantitative evaluation

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