The Initial Ion Effect of Heavy Metals Adsorption by Using Hydrothermal Carbonization Banana Peels

Abstract

Accumulation of heavy metals in water is of particularly important because it can impact upon human health through possible contamination of food. The use of banana peel was investigated. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) was chosen as alternative process. The objective of this project is to synthesize banana peel hydrochars adsorbent via HTC process and to evaluate the heavy metals adsorption performance of banana peel hydrochars adsorbent. Conventional methods in removal of heavy metals require high operational cost, need highly skilled labour, and generate sludge at the end of the operation. Compared to other techniques, banana peel absorbent is a cost- effective adsorbent, easy to operate, environmentally safe and no health risk for the operator. Besides, large quantity of banana peel waste contributes to its significant disposal problem. Thus, this study is expected to solve problems of banana peel, by preparing banana peel adsorbent through hydrothermal carbonization. There are three phases in this project, phase 1 which is synthesis of banana peel based on hydrochars, banana peel was chopped the peels into small pieces. It was then soaked in KOH solution for 2hours and transferred into PTFE and heat for 2hours at 230°C. For phase 2, physico-chemical characterization of banana peels hydrochars by using FTIR. The result obtained shown that all of the content in banana peels will activate the surface of banana peel to enhance the adsorption of the heavy metals. For the final phase, by using AAS, the initial and final concentration of the metals was tested to determine the removal of heavy metals by the prepared hydrochars. The results showed that the removal capacity of the hydrochars increased when the initial concentration of the metals increased. From the research, it can be concluded that, as the initial concentration of the metals higher, the ability of the hydrochars to remove the metals also higher and stronger.

Promising and Environmentally Friendly Removal of Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead from Wastewater Using Modified Shrimp-Based Chitosan

“…Consequently, they have the capability to inhibit the particular biological activities of specific biomolecules like proteins and enzymes [7]. Continual release of these metals into the environment significantly impairs aquatic habitats [8], leading to their accumulation in crucial organs like the brain, muscles, kidneys, and liver, and ultimately causing various deadly illnesses and conditions, including hepatitis, renal disease, nervous system disorders, anemia, encephalopathy, or nephritis, and can result in death [9][10][11][12][13]. Moreover, their accumulation within living tissues has been linked to the development of numerous diseases, including cancer [14].…”

Modified Shrimp-Based Chitosan as an Emerging Adsorbent Removing Heavy Metals (Chromium, Nickel, Arsenic, and Cobalt) from Polluted Water

“…To further evaluate adsorption kinetics parameters, the pseudo-first-order and pseudosecond-order models stated in Equations ( 9) and (10) were introduced [30,43].…”

“…For example, industrial wastewater contains different derivatives of heavy metals, for example, arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and organic dyes, among others. These pollutants are continuously discharged into the ecosystem, can accumulate in muscles, brain, bones, liver, and kidney, and may cause many severe diseases and disorders including kidney failure, nervous illness, anemia, encephalopathy, hepatitis, nephritic syndrome, and even death [3,[6][7][8][9][10]. Furthermore, long-term exposure to arsenic via drinking water and contaminated foods has led to several lethal diseases, such as gangrene, keratosis, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders, among others [2,11], while chromium is classified as a priority pollutant [12] and can be carcinogenic, toxic, and mutagenic to living organisms.…”

The Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution Using KOH-Modified Banana Peel Hydrothermal Carbon: Adsorption Properties and Mechanistic Studies

“…The main problems faced by banana peels are low recovery efficiency and long-term environmental pollution from landfilling. Studies have shown that the preparation of high-value hydrothermal carbon from banana peels using the hydrothermal method [ 17 ] exhibits good adsorption performance for lead and arsenic [ 16 , 18 , 19 ]. In a previous study, a batch experiment removed Pb(II) through a derived powered adsorbent from the banana peel.Parameters such as pH, dosage, time, and agitating speed were evaluated, and a maximum capacity of 2.18 mg/g was observed after adsorption [ 20 ].…”