The Inhibitory Efficiencies of Geraniol as an Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial, Natural Agent Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in vivo

Abstract

Introduction: Antibiotics wee widely used as feed additives in animal husbandry. With the increase of drug resistance of bacteria, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to antibiotics. Clinically, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections account for about 25% to 50% of Staphylococcus aureus infections worldwide. Similarly, it is also one of the pathogens that cause serious animal infections. Methods: We established a mouse model of systemic infection of MRSA to study the preventive effect of geraniol on MRSA and the immunomodulatory effect of geraniol. The mice in the experiment were injected with geraniol by intramuscular injection and were fed intraperitoneally with minimum lethal dose of MRSA. Then, the survival rate, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress factors in serum were measured. These values were used to estimate the bacterial load in different organs and to assess histopathological changes in the lungs, liver and kidneys. Results: The above-mentioned two ways of using geraniol could prevent MRSA infection in vivo in mice and showed a significant dose-response relationship. In other words, geraniol significantly decreased the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in MRSA-infected mice. At the same time, the level of glutathione peroxidase also increased in a dose-proportional relationship. In the group of mice treated with geraniol, their superoxide dismutase levels were significantly higher than those in the vancomycin. After treatment with geraniol, the burden of MRSA decreased. No obvious histopathological abnormalities were found in the liver and kidney of MRSA-infected mice. In addition, geraniol improved the inflammatory changes in the lungs. Conclusion:The results indicated that geraniol was a natural substance that could be used as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial substance to protect mice from MRSA systemic infection. Generally, the research shows that as a natural medicine, geraniol has broad potential in the development and application of antibiotic substitutes.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Hedychium coccineum Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. Essential Oils from Kumaun Hills of Uttarakhand

“…The emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the high cost of developing novel antimicrobial drugs has encouraged researchers to search for novel effective and economically viable broad-spectrum natural products with different modes of action. Essential oils and their chemical constituents in pure form have been reported to have effective action against resistant microbial strains [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Therefore, in this study, we have explored the antibacterial activity of HCCRO and HCCAO using zones of inhibition assay against Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.…”

A functional spreadable canola and milk proteins oleogels as a healthy system for candy gummies

“…Many studies have shown the importance and role of beta-carotene that is present in carrot juice as a powerful antioxidant and has various therapeutic benefits, and it turns into vitamin A in the human body 73 , 74 . In addition, orange oil, which was also used in this study, has an antioxidant effect and is considered a natural and attractive flavor 75 . Milk proteins have antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species 19 .…”

Bioactivity and Chemical Profile of Rubus idaeus L. Leaves Steam-Distillation Extract

“…The low quantity of phenols in the Rubus hydrolate leads to the presumption that the antioxidant activity recorded depends on other non-phenolic components, such as 1,8-cineole, β-linalool, geraniol, caryophyllene, τ-muurolol, and limonene [106][107][108][109][110].…”