The Inhibitory Effects of Polysaccharide Peptides (PsP) ofGanoderma lucidumagainst Atherosclerosis in Rats with Dyslipidemia

Abstract

BackgroundAtherosclerosis occurs as a result of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposits oxidation. Endothelial dysfunction is an early process of atherosclerosis. Restoring endothelial lining back to normal by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is critical for slowing or reversing vascular disease progression. Oxidative stress from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is increased in dyslipidemia so that antioxidant agent is required to prevent destruction of blood vessels.ObjectivesThis study aims to report Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (PsP) effects in atherogenic process by measuring H2O2 level, IL-10 level, and EPC number in blood serum, and also intima-media thickness of aorta in dyslipidemia Wistar rat model by giving them a hypercholesterol diet (HCD).Materials and methodsThe study was an experimental in vivo post-test with control group design. Thirty-five Wistar rats (Rattus norwegicus) were divided into five groups (normal diet group, HCD group, and hypercholesterol groups that received 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg bodyweight PsP).ResultsEach treatment group showed significant results for the administration of PsP using the one-way analysis of variance test (p<0.050) for the reduction of H2O2 (p = 0.003), levels of IL-10 (p = 0.027), number of EPC in the blood serum (p = 0.011), and the intima-media thickness of the aorta (p = 0.000). PsP from G. lucidum is a potent antioxidant and may prevent atherogenesis process in patients with dyslipidemia.ConclusionsThe optimum doses of PsP in this study is 300 mg/kg bodyweight. Further studies are required to determine the antioxidant effects of PsP G. lucidum and its benefits in the management of dyslipidemia.

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

“…A study conducted in high cholesterol diet-supplemented Wistar rats that received 50, 150, and 300 mg/kg bodyweight of PsP derived from G. Lucidum found that PsP acted as a potent antioxidant. In addition, PsP may prevent the atherogenesis process in the context of dyslipidemia with the optimum dose being 300 mg/kg bodyweight (Wihastuti and Heriansyah, 2017).…”

“…Bioactive/active fractions: By decreasing the levels of creatine phosphokinase (Hikino et al, 1985;Tomoda et al, 1986;Shi et al, 2002;Shi et al, 2010;Lasukova et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015;Wihastuti and Heriansyah, 2017;Cuong et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019)…”

Monotherapy of experimental metabolic syndrome: I. Efficacy and safety

“…These findings suggest the important role of inflammation and oxidative stress in pathogenesis of signs of metabolic syndrome in our experimental model. It is also known that oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and hypertension by directly affecting vascular wall cells (Wihastuti & Heriansyah, 2017 ). Therefore, drugs with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties could be a right choice for treating cardiovascular complications associated with metabolic syndrome.…”

Health-Promoting of Polysaccharides Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum

“…It was found that the administration of water extracts to laboratory animals with induced diabetes significantly reduced blood glucose levels [ 42 , 75 , 76 ]. The hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides have been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo [ 77 , 78 , 79 ]. Hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharides from G. lucidum was found in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes [ 42 , 43 ].…”