The Inhibitory Effects of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner Extract on Melanogenesis

Abstract

In order to develop new skin whitening agents, we prepared the CH 2 Cl 2 layer (NGC) and BuOH layer (NGB) of 75% EtOH extract of the Nelumbinis nucifera Gaertner. We measured their tyrosinase inhibitory activity in vitro and melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in B16-F1 melanoma cells. They did not show inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase but showed melanin synthesis inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. In a melanin synthesis inhibition assay, NGC and NGB suppressed melanin production up to 52% and 46% at a concentration of 100 µg/mL, respectively. To elucidate the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of NGC and NGB on melanogenesis, we measured the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins by western blot assay. As a result, NGC suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP-2), phosphorylated cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein, and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). And NGB inhibited the protein expression of tyrosinase and MITF, but had no significant effect on TRP-1, TRP-2, and p-CREB expression. Moreover, NGB increased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK). In addition, we examined the inhibitory effect on the glycosylation of tyrosinase. As a result, NGC and NGB inhibited the activity of α-glucosidase in vitro and the glycosylation of tyrosinase in B16-F1 melanoma cells. From these results, we concluded that NGC and NGB could be used as active ingredients for skin whitening.

Biological Activity of Multifunctional Oligopeptide Derivatives

“…Modification of peptide in many studies has been developed and utilized to enhance the activity by transforming the N-or C-terminal ends, introducing Damino acids to peptide sequence, connecting side chains to each other in the peptide chain, forming disulfide bonds, inserting hydrazine moiety, cyclization through ligation methods, connecting cell penetrating peptide to biological active peptide, a method of introducing a peptide that does not exist in nature, glycosylation, or PEGylation [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . PEGylation is not much used for a functional cosmetic ingredients but research related to pharmaceuticals has been progressed in drug development to improve the property of protein structure like erythropoietin conjugate, interferon-alpha conjugate, and epidermal growth factor conjugates [19][20][21] .…”

Mitochondria protection of Sparganii Rhizoma against oxidative stress in heptocytes

“…, 항균 활 성작용과 항산화 효과가 알려져 있다 16) . 또한 최근 melanoma 세포주에 대해 tyrosinase 활성 저해 효과 가 보고되어졌다 17) . Ⅲ.실험결과 Immunoblot analyses were performed on the lysates of HepG2 cells that had been incubated with 100 ㎍/ml SRE for 1 h, continuously treated with 10 μM AA for 12 h, and then exposed to 5 μM iron for 1 h. The statistical significance of differences between treatments and either the vehicle-treated control (**p<0.01) or cells treated with AA+iron (#p<0.05 or ##p<0.01) was determined.…”