The inhibitory effects of garlic and Panax ginseng extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 on the genotoxicity, biochemical, and histological changes induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in male rats

Abstract

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is widely used in food and other industries to sequester metal ions and to prevent their disadvantageous effects. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effect of Panax ginseng extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 (ginsenoside Rg3 content was 3.6% w/w, i.e., 36 microg/mg P. ginseng extract) and garlic against EDTA-induced biochemical, genotoxic, and histological changes in rats. Forty male rats were divided into eight treatment groups and treated for 7 days as follows: the control group, the group treated with EDTA (20 mg/kg b.w) and the groups treated with P. ginseng extract (20 mg/kg b.w), garlic (5 mg/kg b.w), P. ginseng plus garlic alone or in combination with EDTA. In vivo bone marrow micronucleus test and random amplified polymorphism DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) method were performed to assess the antigenotoxic effect of both protective agents. The results indicated that EDTA administration caused a significant decrease in the serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity. The administration also increased lipid peroxidation and the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs), caused appearance of some changes in polymorphism band patterns, and induced different histopathological lesions in the livers, kidneys, and testis. Treatment with P. ginseng, garlic alone or plus EDTA significantly improved all the tested parameters. Moreover, P. ginseng extract was found to be more effective than garlic in restoring the parameters that were altered by EDTA.

Inhibitory effect of ginsenoside Rg3 combined with gemcitabine on angiogenesis and growth of lung cancer in mice

“…Ginsenosides are the major active components of ginseng, which have been shown to have a variety of beneficial effects, including immunomodulatory [2], antioxidant [44], anti-stress [2], anti-inflammatory [44], anti-aging activities [2], and anti-fatigue [2], et al In addition, ginsenoside Rg3 is a relatively safe and effective medicine [5]. Some results demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 not only had no side effects on marrow, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and the nervous system [5], but also could improve the living quality of mice with tumor [6,30].…”

Ginseng Compounds: An Update on their Molecular Mechanisms and Medical Applications

“…These compounds may have potential as novel prostate cancer therapeutic agents [22–24]. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 in mouse model studies has a preventive effect on DNA damage and cell death induced by cyclophosphamide [131] and has an inhibitory effect on genotoxicity, chemical and histological changes induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which is widely used in food [132]. The dosage used in these studies was 20 mg/kg and it was found that ginsenoside Rg3 alone did not induce any genotoxicity in mouse peripheral lymphocyte cells and bone marrow cells [131].…”

Curcumin protects against testicular damage and genotoxicity induced by acrylamide in male albino mice

“…For this RAPD PCR, five oligodecamers [17] (Table 1) were used. For each DNA extracted per animal, five PCR reactions with same conditions were performed.…”