The inhibitory effect of tannic acid on the gibberellic acid-induced growth of rice.

Harada, Jiro; Nakayama, Haruhiko

doi:10.1626/jcs.43.493

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Prior work demonstrating inhibition of GA-induced shoot growth in peas (1 1, 13) and rice (14) failed to show a reduction of endogenous growth. This lack of effect may have been due to an inability of tannins to penetrate into the intact leaf tissues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The increasing documentation of the effects of tannins on GAinduced growth (11,13,14) together with their known widespread occurrence in the plant world (3) support a role as native plant growth inhibitors. Although the function of tannins in plants has long been an enigma, they may in fact play an important role as regulators of gibberellin-induced activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, several tannins have been shown to reduce the GA-induced growth of seedlings (11,13,14). The effect is general to both condensed and hydrolyzable tannins.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tannins as Gibberellin Antagonists in the Synthesis of α-Amylase and Acid Phosphatase by Barley Seeds

Jacobson

Corcoran²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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The tannins chebulinic acid or tarn tannin were added to an incubation system in which GA3 induces enzyme synthesis in endosperm half seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The activity of amyase and acid phosphatase in the incubation medium was reduced compared to the activity in the medium after incubation with GA3 alone. When embryo half seeds of barley were incubated with chebulinic acid or tan tannin in the absence of added GA3, the enzyme activity of the incubation medium was also reduced. The activity of preformed enzymes obtained from endosperm half seeds previously induced with GA3 was not reduced by the addition of tannin. Comparisons were made of the amount of enzyme activity from breis of aleurone layers incubated with GA3 in the presence and absence of tannins. The amounts of activity were relatively small and approximately equal in both cases, indicating that secretion from the aleurone was not blocked by the tannins. The reduction of enzyme activity caused by tannins in both endosperm and embryo half seeds could be completely reversed by the addition of GA3.Although the chemistry of tannins has been studied for over a century and their existence has been known for thousands of years, their function in the plant has received little attention, and remains essentially unknown. Recently, several tannins have been shown to reduce the GA-induced growth of seedlings (11,13,14). The effect is general to both condensed and hydrolyzable tannins. Seedlings of cucumber, pea, and rice have all been used as test plants, and growth induced by any of seven different GAs can be inhibited. The endogenous growth of the plants is not affected and the inhibition is completely reversed by additional GA.The widespread occurrence of compounds antagonistic to such important plant hormones as GAs suggests that tannins may have a role in the normal regulation of GA-induced processes. If tannins are involved in this way, then other GA effects besides shoot growth would be expected to be inhibited. Also, it would be expected that tannins could affect endogenous development normally regulated by GA. The present study concerns the effects of tannins on induction of the hydrolytic enzymes amylase and acid phosphatase in barley seeds. This paper reports that chebulinic acid and tara tannins inhibit enzyme synthesis whether the seeds are induced by exogenous or endogenous GA. Additional GA will completely reverse the inhibition in all cases tested. Schaller, University of Calif., Davis) were prepared and treated as described by Vamer and Chandra (26). Seeds were cut in half transversely to give either a 3-mm endosperm half and an embryo half which was discarded, or to give a 3-mm embryo half and an endosperm half which was discarded. The seed halves were sterilized in 1% sodium hypochlorite (commercial bleach) for 20 min and rinsed five times with sterile distilled H20. Sterilized endosperm halves were then preincubated on sterile moist sand in Petri dishes for 3 days. Sterilized embryo halves were similarly preincubated f...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tannins as Gibberellin Antagonists in the Synthesis of α-Amylase and Acid Phosphatase by Barley Seeds

Jacobson

Corcoran²

1977

Plant Physiol.

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“…Nutbeam and Briggs (1982) demonstrated the formation of GA-phenol complexes and suggested they may be responsible for the specific inhibitory effect of plant phenols on GA-induced responses. Earlier, Corcoran et al (1972) and Harada and Nakayama (1974) had also claimed tannic acid to be a GAantagonist. In conformity with results reported earlier (Hiilman 1960, Hodsoti andHamner 1971), gibbereliic acid, at levels higher than 10"' M, has a distinctly inhibitory effect on flowering and, at 5x10"' M, flowering was inhibited totally (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Induction of flowering in the duckweed Lemna paucicostata under non‐inductive photoperiods by tannic acid

Khurana

Maheshwari

1986

Physiologia Plantarum

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Flowering in Lemna paucicostata 6746 could be induced by tannic acid under strictly non‐inductive photoperiods. This polyphenol completely abolished the photoperiodic sensitivity of strain 6746 as flowering could also be obtained under continuous light (nearly 80% flowering was recorded in the plants supplied with 10−5 tannic acid). Though its mode of action is unknown, tannic acid is unlikely to act as a gibberellin‐antagonist in its effect on flowering in strain 6746.

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“…There was also evidence of specificity because growth induced by IAA was not reduced, although growth induced by GA3 in the same system was blocked. Harada and Nakayama (8) have since reported that tannic acid inhibits GA3-induced growth in rice seedlings and has no effect on their endogenous growth. All work was restricted to interaction with GA3 only; no other gibberellins were used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Action of Five Tannins on Growth Induced by Several Gibberellins

Green

Corcoran²

1975

Plant Physiol.

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The following tannins, Chinese gallotannin, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose, chebulinic acid, procyanidin dimers, and procyanidin trimers were tested and found to be antagonists of seven gibberellins (GAs). Each tannin inhibited the growth induced by any of the gibberellins GA1, GA3, GA4 , GA7 , GA9, GAI3 , and GA14 in the dwarf pea assay. Endogenous growth was not affected. The highest ratio of tannin to gibberellin tested (1000:1 by weight) inhibited from 60 to 953% of the induced growth for all tannins and all gibberellins tested. The tannins were particularly inhibitory against GA4 and GA14 where a ratio of 10:1 (tannins: GA by weight) resulted in up to 83% growth reduction. Inhibition could be completely reversed by increasing the amount of gibberellin in all combinations studied. The procyanidin dimers and trimers were the first purified components of condensed tannins to be tested in this system and were potent inhibitors particularly against growth induced by GA4 and GA14. Inhibition by these compounds along with similar inhibition by previously tested hydrolyzable tannins demonstrates that the effect is general to tannins of all classes.Research reported by Corcoran, et al. (3) established specific, chemically defined tannins as GA3 antagonists in that they will inhibit GA3-induced growth, have no effect on endogenous growth and the inhibition can be completely reversed with additional GA3. There was also evidence of specificity because growth induced by IAA was not reduced, although growth induced by GA3 in the same system was blocked. Harada and Nakayama (8) have since reported that tannic acid inhibits GA3-induced growth in rice seedlings and has no effect on their endogenous growth. All work was restricted to interaction with GA3 only; no other gibberellins were used. The crystalline tannins used were all hydrolyzable tannins and only crude mixtures of condensed tannins were employed. Figure 1. The procyanidin trimers consist of a mixture of fractions D-1 and D-2; their structures as reported previously (10) are shown in Figure 3. Tannic acid which is also known as Chinese gallotannin is an extract of galls produced by Aphis chinensis on leaves of Rhus semialata. It consists of a mixture of a gallotannin with smaller amounts of gallic acid, m-digallic acid, and trigallic acid. The gallotannin portion is based on a (3-penta-o-galloylglucose core to which three to five additional galloyl groups are attached as depside linkages (9). The arrangement of these galloyl groups is not known with certainty. One possible isomer of a gallotannin containing eight galloyl groups is shown in Figure 5. The tannic acid used in this study is of a lighter color and hence perhaps greater purity than the tannic acid tested previously (3). In tests with GA3 its inhibitory strength was similar to that of the tannic acid in the earlier report (3) so this paper includes only investigations with gibberellins other than GA3. The final two tannins A-1 ,2,3,4,6-pentagalloyl glucose and chebulinic acid were tested previo...

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The inhibitory effect of tannic acid on the gibberellic acid-induced growth of rice.

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Tannins as Gibberellin Antagonists in the Synthesis of α-Amylase and Acid Phosphatase by Barley Seeds

Tannins as Gibberellin Antagonists in the Synthesis of α-Amylase and Acid Phosphatase by Barley Seeds

Induction of flowering in the duckweed Lemna paucicostata under non‐inductive photoperiods by tannic acid

Inhibitory Action of Five Tannins on Growth Induced by Several Gibberellins

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