The Inhibitory Effect of Somatostatin Receptor Activation on Bee Venom-Evoked Nociceptive Behavior and pCREB Expression in Rats

Abstract

The present study examined nociceptive behaviors and the expression of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB) in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord and the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) evoked by bee venom (BV). The effect of intraplantar preapplication of the somatostatin analog octreotide on nociceptive behaviors and pCREB expression was also examined. Subcutaneous injection of BV into the rat unilateral hindpaw pad induced significant spontaneous nociceptive behaviors, primary mechanical allodynia, primary thermal hyperalgesia, and mirror-thermal hyperalgesia, as well as an increase in pCREB expression in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn and DRG. Octreotide pretreatment significantly attenuated the BV-induced lifting/licking response and mechanical allodynia. Local injection of octreotide also significantly reduced pCREB expression in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn and DRG. Furthermore, pretreatment with cyclosomatostatin, a somatostatin receptor antagonist, reversed the octreotide-induced inhibition of the lifting/licking response, mechanical allodynia, and the expression of pCREB. These results suggest that BV can induce nociceptive responses and somatostatin receptors are involved in mediating the antinociception, which provides new evidence for peripheral analgesic action of somatostatin in an inflammatory pain state.

Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress

“…Clinically, it has been noted that nociceptive changes are expressed as co‐morbid traits in both adults as well as children affected with ASD and maybe attributed to loss of neuronal function (Riquelme et al, 2016; Yasuda et al, 2016). Prenatal VPA exposure associated changes to pain threshold levels are associated with changes in BDNF and pCREB levels in the brain (Li et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2017).…”

“…T associated changes to pain threshold levels are associated with changes in BDNF and pCREB levels in the brain (Li et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2017).…”

Role of Somatostatin and Somatostatin Receptor type 2 in Postincisional Nociception in Rats

“…Several factors could be responsible for this like the lower dose of the drug (0.06 μM SST in current study vs.~20 μM octreotide in earlier study) or the difference in the route of administration (intraperitoneal in current study vs. intraplantar injection in earlier study) or because octreotide is more potent than SST (Carlton et al, 2004;Lamberts et al, 1996). Allodynia resulting from bee venom and peripheral nerve injury is also attenuated by octreotide (Li et al, 2014;Shi et al, 2014). SST can inhibit insulin secretion (Strowski et al, 2000;Parker and Schimmer, 2011).…”