The Inhibitory Effect of Agastache rugosa Essential Oil on the Dental Biofilm

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the inhibitory effect of Agastache rugosa essential oil (AREO) on the cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans, which causes dental caries and dental plaque formation. After extracting the AREO, their effects on the growth and acid production of S. mutans were examined. Furthermore, S. mutans biofilm formation was observed on the resin teeth surface. The effect on the expression of biofilm-related genes of S. mutans was measured using real-time PCR. AREO components were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). The growth and acid production of S. mutans were significantly inhibited at concentrations of 0.02 mg/mL or higher of AREO. At 0.04 mg/mL, inhibition was similar to that of the positive control, 0.1% NaF. AREO suppressed the expression of virulence factors such as gtfB, gtfC, gtfD, gbpB, SpaP, brpA, relA, and vicR at concentrations of 0.02 mg/mL or higher. As a result of GC and GC-MS analyses, the main components of AREO included estragole, limonene, and β-caryophyllene. These results suggest that A. rugosa may be a useful agent for inhibiting the cariogenic properties of S. mutans.