The inhibitory effect of a Platycodon root extract on ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation due to a decrease in Kit expression

Kasamatsu, Shinya; Hachiya, Akira; Shimotoyodome, Yoshie; Kameyama, Akiyo; Miyauchi, Yuhei; Higuchi, Kazuhiko; Fujimori, Taketoshi; Ohuchi, Atsushi; Shibuya, Yasuyuki; Kitahara, Takashi

doi:10.1007/s11418-014-0836-x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, GlcCer ( 3 ) did not suppress melanogenesis, melanogenic protein expression, or ATP levels in normal melanocytes. In the present study, we selected α‐MSH to induce melanogenesis because a previous study demonstrated that a co‐stimulation with ET‐1 and SCF (Kasamatsu et al, 2014) did not induce melanogenesis. Therefore, 14 did not exhibit anti‐melanogenic activity against α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐melanogenic effects of glucosylceramides and elasticamide derived from rice oil by‐products in melanoma cells, melanocytes, and human skin

Miyasaka

Manse

Yoneda

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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Glucosylceramides (GlcCer), which are present in many edible plants, suppress melanin production in mouse melanocytes. Rice GlcCer consist of multiple molecules that comprise different types of sphingoid bases as well as diverse lengths and stereotypes of free fatty acids. Adjacent to the GlcCer fraction, there are free ceramides (Cer) as minor constituents. However, the anti‐melanogenic activities of individual GlcCer and Cer remain unknown. Therefore, we herein isolated 13 GlcCer and elasticamide, a Cer [AP] from the gummy by‐products of rice bran oil, and examined their anti‐melanogenic activities. In theophylline‐induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells, GlcCer [d18:2(4E,8Z)/18:0], GlcCer [d18:2(4E,8Z)/20:0], and elasticamide significantly suppressed melanin production with IC50 values of 6.6, 5.2, and 3.9 μM, respectively. Elasticamide, but not GlcCer [d18:2 (4E,8Z)/20:0], suppressed melanogenesis in human 3D‐cultured melanocytes and the expression of tyrosinase‐related protein 1 in normal human melanocytes. Based on these results, we conducted a clinical trial on the effects of rice ceramide extract (Oryza ceramide®), containing 1.2 mg/day of GlcCer and 56 μg/day of elasticamide, on UV‐B‐induced skin pigmentation. The ingestion of Oryza ceramide® for 8 weeks significantly suppressed the accumulation of melanin 7 days after UV irradiation (1288 and 1546 mJ/cm2·S). Rice‐derived GlcCer and elasticamide, which exhibited anti‐melanogenic activities, were suggested to contribute to the suppressive effects of Oryza ceramide® on UV‐induced skin pigmentation. Although the mechanisms underlying the anti‐melanogenic activities of GlcCer remain unclear, elasticamide was identified as a promising Cer that exhibits anti‐melanogenic activity. Practical applications The anti‐melanogenic activities of rice‐derived GlcCer and elasticamide currently remain unclear. We herein demonstrated the inhibitory effects of individual GlcCer and elasticamide on melanogenesis in melanoma cells, melanocytes, and human skin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti‐melanogenic effects of glucosylceramides and elasticamide derived from rice oil by‐products in melanoma cells, melanocytes, and human skin

Miyasaka

Manse

Yoneda

et al. 2022

Journal of Food Biochemistry

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“…A paracrine linkage has been reported between keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and melanocytes. Several cytokines and chemokines such as SCF, α MSH, histamine, endothelin -1 and prostaglandins were found to be released from epidermal keratinocytes in response to ultraviolet B rays exposure (Kasamatsu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Stem Cell Factor in Hyperpigmented Skin Lesions

Atef

Elrashidy

Azeem

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: Skin hyperpigmentation usually results from an increased number, or activity, of melanocytes. The degree of pigmentation of skin depends on the amount and type of melanin, degree of skin vascularity, presence of carotene, and thickness of the stratum corneum. Common causes of hyperpigmentation include post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides (freckles), and café-au-lait macules. Some skin tumors can be hyperpigmented as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). Stem cell factor (SCF) is a growth factor and its interaction with its receptor, c-kit, is well known to be critical to the survival of melanocytes. Methods: This study was carried out on 60 patients complaining of hyperpigmented skin lesions (20 melasma, 20 solar lentigines, and 20 freckles) and 36 patients with skin tumors (14 BCC, 12 SCC, and 10 MM). Punch skin biopsies were taken from the previous lesions. Immunohistochemical staining of these samples was done using the stem cell factor (SCF). Results: There was positive expression of SCF in all cases of melasma, solar lentigines and freckles with significant increase in the intensity of expression in the lesional areas than the non-lesional ones (P=0.004). There was also a statistically significant increase in the expression of SCF in BCC and melanoma tumor cells. Conclusion: SCF has a great role in skin hyperpigmented disorders and this can be used as a target for the developing of new antipigmentary lines of treatment by inhibiting SCF. SCF can also be involved in the emergence of some skin tumors.

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“…The activity of tyrosinase essential for melanogenic cascade can be stimulated by UVB exposure that further increases melanin synthesis required for UVB-induced delayed tanning [5]. The membrane-bound stem cell factor is up-regulated and then activates neighboring melanocytes through kit receptors in the course of UVB-caused pigmentation [6]. Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2) may exert protective effects on an inflammation and a sunburn reaction that were induced by UVB exposure via inhibiting inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential molecular characteristics in situ in response to repetitive UVB irradiation

Chen

Zhang

2016

Diagn Pathol

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BackgroundTo identify molecular characteristics in situ in response to repetitive UVB (ultraviolet-B) irradiation.MethodsMicroarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus were re-analyzed to identify DEGs (differentially expressed genes) between UVB-irradiated and non-irradiated skin biopsies. Enrichment and annotation analyses were performed respectively using DAVID, and TSGene and TAG databases. PPIs (protein-protein interactions) were analyzed using STRING, and miRNAs (microRNAs) and TFs (transcription factors) were predicted separately by miRNA-related databases and ENCODE. Accordingly, the PPI network and regulatory networks were visualized using Cytoscape, and they were merged together to obtain an integrated network for mining densely connected modules.ResultsAltogether, 151 up- and 64 down-regulated genes were identified between UVB-irradiated and non-irradiated skin biopsies, among which down-regulated DNAJB4 and SLIT2 were annotated as tumor-suppressors and up-regulated KIT was annotated as an oncogene. The up-regulated DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to pigmentation (DCT, SOX10, TYRP1, TYR, MLPH, KIT and GPR143), while the down-regulated DEGs were dramatically related to haemopoiesis and the immune system (GPR183, INHBA, PTPRC, PLEK, CD8A and IKZF1). Furthermore, many miRNAs were screened for the DEGs, including miR-206 and miR-496 targeting KIT, miR-184 targeting DCT, and highly significant miR-337-5p, miR-21 and miR-16. Additionally, TFs were identified for the DEGs, among which PAX5 and HNF4A targeted MLPH and GPR143, respectively, while BATF, SPI1 and EP300 jointly target GPR183, PTPRC and PLEK.ConclusionsThe pigmentation and immune system implicated by DEGs, miRNAs and TFs might be important molecular mechanisms in response to UVB irradiation.

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The inhibitory effect of a Platycodon root extract on ultraviolet B-induced pigmentation due to a decrease in Kit expression

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Anti‐melanogenic effects of glucosylceramides and elasticamide derived from rice oil by‐products in melanoma cells, melanocytes, and human skin

Anti‐melanogenic effects of glucosylceramides and elasticamide derived from rice oil by‐products in melanoma cells, melanocytes, and human skin

The Role of Stem Cell Factor in Hyperpigmented Skin Lesions

Potential molecular characteristics in situ in response to repetitive UVB irradiation

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