The inhibitive action of the Roentgen rays on regeneration in planarians

Bardeen, Charles Russell; Baetjer, F. H.

doi:10.1002/jez.1400010107

Cited by 90 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…When planarians are irradiated with a lethal dose of γ-irradiation (60 Gray), all stem cells are eliminated within 48 hours and no more differentiated cell types can be produced (Bardeen and Baetjer, 1904;Eisenhoffer et al, 2008;Reddien et al, 2005b). Consequently, irradiated worms are unable to survive much longer than 2 weeks.…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription factors lhx1/5-1 and pitx are required for the maintenance and regeneration of serotonergic neurons in planarians

2013

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SUMMARYIn contrast to most adult organisms, freshwater planarians can regenerate any injured body part, including their entire nervous system. This allows for the analysis of genes required for both the maintenance and regeneration of specific neural subtypes. In addition, the loss of specific neural subtypes may uncover previously unknown behavioral roles for that neural population in the context of the adult animal. Here we show that two homeodomain transcription factor homologs, Smed-lhx1/5-1 and Smed-pitx, are required for the maintenance and regeneration of serotonergic neurons in planarians. When either lhx1/5-1 or pitx was knocked down by RNA interference, the expression of multiple canonical markers for serotonergic neurons was lost. Surprisingly, the loss of serotonergic function uncovered a role for these neurons in the coordination of motile cilia on the ventral epidermis of planarians that are required for their nonmuscular gliding locomotion. Finally, we show that in addition to its requirement in serotonergic neurons, Smed-pitx is required for proper midline patterning during regeneration, when it is required for the expression of the midline-organizing molecules Smed-slit in the anterior and Smed-wnt1 in the posterior.

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Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Transcription factors lhx1/5-1 and pitx are required for the maintenance and regeneration of serotonergic neurons in planarians

2013

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“…Cells in G0/G1 that will divide again (and which could therefore be considered neoblasts) are more difficult to experimentally label. Because dividing cells are sensitive to irradiation, acute irradiation sensitivity can also be used as a (perhaps more inclusive) feature of neoblasts (Bardeen and Baetjer, 1904;Dubois, 1949;Reddien et al, 2005a;Hayashi et al, 2006).…”

Section: The Neoblast Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized progenitors and regeneration

Reddien

2013

Development

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SummaryPlanarians are flatworms capable of regenerating all body parts. Planarian regeneration requires neoblasts, a population of dividing cells that has been studied for over a century. Neoblast progeny generate new cells of blastemas, which are the regenerative outgrowths at wounds. If the neoblasts comprise a uniform population of cells during regeneration (e.g. they are all uncommitted and pluripotent), then specialization of new cell types should occur in multipotent, non-dividing neoblast progeny cells. By contrast, recent data indicate that some neoblasts express lineage-specific transcription factors during regeneration and in uninjured animals. These observations raise the possibility that an important early step in planarian regeneration is the specialization of neoblasts to produce specified rather than naïve blastema cells.

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“…X-ray irradiated planarians are known to degenerate and eventually disintegrate (Bardeen and Baetjer, 1904) and SC ablation by ionizing radiation is well established in planaria (Reddien et al, 2005b). We therefore developed a method of irradiating anterior and posterior portions of planaria while protecting consistently sized mid-sections using identical lead shields (Fig.…”

Section: Stem Cells Migrate Minimally In the Absence Of A Woundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amputation induces stem cell mobilization to sites of injury during planarian regeneration

Guedelhoefer

Alvarado

2012

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SUMMARYHow adult stem cell populations are recruited for tissue renewal and repair is a fundamental question of biology. Mobilization of stem cells out of their niches followed by correct migration and differentiation at a site of tissue turnover or injury are important requirements for proper tissue maintenance and regeneration. However, we understand little about the mechanisms that control this process, possibly because the best studied vertebrate adult stem cell systems are not readily amenable to in vivo observation. Furthermore, few clear examples of the recruitment of fully potent stem cells, compared with limited progenitors, are known. Here, we show that planarian stem cells directionally migrate to amputation sites during regeneration. We also show that during tissue homeostasis they are stationary. Our study not only uncovers the existence of specific recruitment mechanisms elicited by amputation, but also sets the stage for the systematic characterization of evolutionarily conserved stem cell regulatory processes likely to inform stem cell function and dysfunction in higher organisms, including humans.

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The inhibitive action of the Roentgen rays on regeneration in planarians

Cited by 90 publications

References 0 publications

Transcription factors lhx1/5-1 and pitx are required for the maintenance and regeneration of serotonergic neurons in planarians

Transcription factors lhx1/5-1 and pitx are required for the maintenance and regeneration of serotonergic neurons in planarians

Specialized progenitors and regeneration

Amputation induces stem cell mobilization to sites of injury during planarian regeneration

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