The Inhibition of the Growth of Clostridium welchii by Lipids Isolated from the Contents of the Small Intestine of the Pig

Fuller, R.; Moore, J. H.

doi:10.1099/00221287-46-1-23

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The growth of L. casei was prevented by the presence of low concentrations of lysolecithin in media containing a suboptimal amount of biotin [16]. Fuller and Moore [4] showed that the inhibitory effect of the intestinal contents of pigs on Clostridium welchii was attributed to such substances as linoleic and arachidonic acids, lysolecithin and an unidentified phospholipid. The inhibitory activity of diet was reported by Gibbons et al [5], who showed that dietary alfalfa prevented the growth of B. melaninogenicus of the human in the intestine of germ-free mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Establishment of Lactobacilli in the Digestive Tract of Germ‐Free Chickens

Morishita

Mitsuoka

Kaneuchi

et al. 1971

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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Establishment of lactobacilli in the digestive tract of germ-free chicks was studied using the organisms isolated from chickens, human infants and sour milk and those received from the American Type Culture Collection. In the case of monocontamination, intestinal lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. It was shown that lactobacilli were predominant in the digestive tract of chickens [11,15], and the lactobacillus flora was composed mainly of Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. salivarius and L. fermenti but rarely included other species [7]. Furthermore, the biotype of L. acidophilus from the chicken and the human showed a considerable difference [7].In the present studies, monocontamination and dicontamination of germ-free chicks with bacteria were attempted to shed light on the problems of why Lactobacillus species such as L. helveticus, L. jugurti, L. brevis, L. plantarum and L. casei are absent from the gut of chickens [7] and why the biotype I of L. acidophilus is rarely found in the gut of chickens [7]. It was expected that the monocontamination would determine whether or not chickens reject the colonization of the above species and L. acidophilus biotype I, and the dicontamination would determine whether or not an antagonistic activity of the indigenous microflora in the gut of chickens result in 1 Present address:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Establishment of Lactobacilli in the Digestive Tract of Germ‐Free Chickens

Morishita

Mitsuoka

Kaneuchi

et al. 1971

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…It has been suggested that FFA can affect the flora of the gastrointestinal tract. Polyunsaturated FFA and lysolecithin in the small intestine of pigs appear to prevent proliferation of orally administered Clostridium welchii (36). Human fecal lipids contain a mixture of long chain FFA (C60, CI8 Ii, Ci8:2, and C,20), which are bactericidal for gonococci (37), and rectal gonococcal isolates have been shown to be more resistant to fecal FFA than are cervical or urethral isolates, suggesting that there is selection ofgonococci in vivo based on FFA sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the extracellular bactericidal factors of rat alveolar lining material.

Coonrod¹,

Lester²,

Hsu³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. The surfactant fraction (55,000-g pellet) of leukocyte-free rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid contains factors that rapidly kill and lyse pneumococci. These factors were purified and identified biochemically by using a quantitative bactericidal test to monitor fractionation procedures. 91% of the antipneumococcal activity of rat surfactant was recovered in chloroform after extraction of rat surfactant with chloroform-methanol (Bligh-Dyer procedure). After chromatography on silicic acid with chloroform, acetone, and methanol, all detectable antibacterial activity (-80% of the initial activity) eluted with the neutral lipids in chloroform. When rechromatographed on silicic acid with hexane, hexane-chloroform, and chloroform, the antibacterial activity eluted with FFA. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) established that the antibacterial activity was confined to the FFA fraction. Gas-liquid chromatography showed that the fatty acid fraction contained a mixture of long-chain FFA (C12 to C22) of which 66.7% were saturated and 32.4% were unsaturated. The quantity of TLC-purified FFA needed to kill 50% of 108 pneumococci under standardized conditions (one bactericidal unit) was 10.6±0.5 Ag. Purified FFA acted as detergents, causing release of [3H]choline from pneumococcal cell walls and increased bacterial cell membrane permeability, evidenced by rapid unloading of 3-0-[3H]methyl-Dglucose. FFA acting as detergents appear to account for the bactericidal and bacteriolytic activity of rat pulmonary surfactant for pneumococci.

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“…The inhibitory capacity might increase with the degree of unsaturation so that linolenic acid (which contains three double bonds) is the most inhibitory, linoleic (two double bonds) less so, with oleic (one double bond) and stearic (saturated) with insignificant antibacterial properties (Butcher, King and Dyke, 1976; KO, Heczko and Pulverer, 1978;Heczko, et al, 1979). However, linoleic acid can be more inhibitory to bacteria than linolenic (Bayliss, 1936;Fuller and Moore, 1967;Kabara et al (1972). The amount of free linoleic acid in normal skin exceeds that of linolenic acid (Wilkinson, 1972) so the precise significance of the presence of these and other acids is not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of staphylococci to fatty acids: novel inactivation of linolenic acid by serum

Lacey

Lord

1981

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY.The inhibition of coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus of human or animal origin by most free fatty acids was similar, but coagulase-positive staphylococci were sensitive and coagulase-negative cultures were resistant to linolenic acid. Animal strains of S. aureus were more sensitive to linolenic acid than were human strains. These differences were reflected in the relative abilities of the three categories of strains to survive on human skin.The antibacterial effects of 20 mg of linolenic acid were inactivated by 1 ml of serum in vitro. A test organism seeded on to skin also survived better if first suspended in serum. The mechanism of the interaction between serum and linolenic acid may be due to a detergent effect of the serum and could account for colonisation of diseased skin with S. aureus.Cultures of S. aureus seeded on to human skin were rapidly killed after the skin has been covered with linolenic acid. The possibility of therapeutic use of linolenic acid as an antibacterial agent should be explored.

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The Inhibition of the Growth of Clostridium welchii by Lipids Isolated from the Contents of the Small Intestine of the Pig

Cited by 30 publications

References 31 publications

Specific Establishment of Lactobacilli in the Digestive Tract of Germ‐Free Chickens

Specific Establishment of Lactobacilli in the Digestive Tract of Germ‐Free Chickens

Characterization of the extracellular bactericidal factors of rat alveolar lining material.

Sensitivity of staphylococci to fatty acids: novel inactivation of linolenic acid by serum

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