“…We encourage clinicians to research and understand the importance of a molecular framework to explain the current underpinnings of endorphinergic/dopaminergic mechanisms related to opioid deficiency syndrome and a generalized reward processing deficiency [ 19 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 ]. Along these same lines, many RDS subtypes have also been linked to hypodopaminergia using sophisticated imaging techniques [ 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 ].…”