The inhibition of petunia hsp70 mRNA processing during CdCl2 stress

Winter, Jill; Wright, Rhonda L.; Duck, Nick; Gasser, Charles S.; Fraley, Robert T.; Shah, Dilip M.

doi:10.1007/bf00330609

Cited by 87 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The ACC oxidase, phytoene synthase, and PG probes contained 1400-, 1700-, and 1800-bp PstI fragments of the clones pTOM13, pTOM5, and pTOM6, respectively (Slater et al, 1985). The probe for the heat-shock 17-kD protein contained a 490-bp PstI fragment isolated from the pBSK+ hspl7 (Schoffl et al, 1984), and that for the heat-shock 70-kD protein was a 2100-bp EcoRI fragment isolated from pUC19+ hsp70 (Winter et al, 1988). The ribosomal-probe used as an interna1 standard was a 1000-bp BamHI fragment isolated from the pUC18 plasmid (provided by E. Lifschitz, Haifa University, Israel).…”

Section: Materials a N D Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Gene Expression at High Temperature (Effects on Tomato Fruit Ripening)

et al. 1996

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caused by alterations in gene expression (Mansson et al., 1985). %ter et al. (1985) identified 19 different mRNA families that were present in ripe fruit but were undetectable or present at a much reduced level in unripe fruit. A number of cDNA clones prepared from these "As have been identified and thereby linked to ripening-related physiological changes. pTOM13 has been identified as a an enzyme that catalyzes the last step in the ethylene synthesis pathway. pTOM6 encodes for PG, an enzyme that depolymerizes pectins in the fruit cell wall (Grierson et 1986)' Phytoene 'ynthase, an enzyme in the pathway Of lycopene synthesist has been identified with pToM5 (Fray and Grierson, 1993). These clones have Provided a useful means to examine different factors that influence the ripening process.Short exposures to temperatures above 35°C have been found to inhibit fruit ripening reversibly (Biggs et al., 1988;Lurie and Klein, 1990), whereas fruit held for extended periods at high temperature ripen abnormally (ogura et al., 1975). rn tomatoes, elevated temperatures inhibit ethylene synthesis (Biggs et al,, 1988) and PG accumulation (Yoshida et al., 1984) and interfere with lycopene synthesis (Ogura et al., 1975). Some of these effects have been attrib-(Ogura et al.r 1975)r but and Grierson (1988) demonstrated that inhibition also occurred at the level of gene expression. If the inhibitory effect of high temperature is reversible, then fruit subjected to a heat stress might ripen normally but more slowly than unheated fruit. This was ened more slowly than unheated fruit (~~~i and Klein, were not investigated.Tomato fruit are chilling sensitive and have reduced storage life and decreased ability to ripen when stored at temperatures below 10°C; the degree of damage is related to the length of time at a particular temperature. Chilling injury could be reduced in temperature-sensitive tissues by modifying the pattern of temperature exposure, e.g. periodically warming the chilled tissue above the chillAbbreviations: HSP, heat-shock protein; PG, polygalacturonase.The reversible inhibition of three ripening-related processes by high-temperature treatment (38°C) was examined i n tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum 1. cv Daniella) fruit. Ethylene production, color development, and softening were inhibited during heating and recovered afterward, whether recovery took place at 20°C or fruit were first held at chilling temperature (2OC) after heating and then daced at 2ooc* Ethylene production and colar development proceeded normally in heated fruit after 14 d of chilling, whereas the unheated fruit had delayed ethylene production and uneven color development. Levels of mRNA for 1 -aminocyclopropane-1 -carboxylic acid oxidase, phytoene synthase, and polygalacturonase decreased dramatically during the heat treatment but recovered afterward, whereas the mRNA for HSPl7 increased during the high-temperature treatment and then decreased when fruit were removed from heat. As monitored by western blots, the HSp17 protein disappeared from frui...

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Section: Materials a N D Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversible Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Gene Expression at High Temperature (Effects on Tomato Fruit Ripening)

et al. 1996

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“…Total RNA was extracted (Lopez-Gomez and Gomez-Lim, 1992), denatured, fractionated (30 mg lane − 1 ) and transferred to a Hybond™-N+ (Amersham) membrane (Veierskov et al, 1992). The cDNA inserts from pMON9575 (petunia hsp70 cDNA, Winter et al, 1988) and pAPHSP1, a 0.62 kb full length apple hsp cDNA designated LMW hsp (M. LayYee and J.H. Bowen, unpublished), with 75% homology to pFS1968, a soybean hsp17 cDNA (Schö ffl et al, 1984), were labelled with 32 P using a random primers DNA labelling system (BRL).…”

Section: Rna Extraction and Northern Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preharvest exposure to the sun influences postharvest responses of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit

Woolf

Bowen

Ferguson

1999

Postharvest Biology and Technology

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Abstract'Hass' avocados (Persea americana Mill.) exposed to direct sunlight (sun fruit) had diurnal temperature cycles with flesh tissue reaching as high as 43°C under ambient temperatures of 15 -25°C. The response of sun and shaded fruit to postharvest treatments differed significantly. External damage from hot water treatments of 50°C for up to 10 min, was lower in sun fruit, particularly on the exposed side of the fruit. Similarly, while shaded fruit had high levels of external chilling injury when stored at 0.5°C for up to 28 days, the exposed side of the fruit was undamaged. Leakage of electrolytes from skin tissue from the exposed side of sun fruit did not increase during storage, while that from shaded fruit increased by about 60%. In addition, for fruit ripened without storage, sun fruit took longer to ripen than shade fruit. Changes in heat shock protein (hsp) gene expression and specific protein bands reflected the diurnal temperature cycle, with up-regulation of hsp mRNA and synthesis of specific proteins at flesh temperatures \ 30°C. Thus, exposure of fruit to the sun results in high skin and flesh temperatures, and consequently reduced incidence of postharvest heat and chilling injuries. These beneficial effects are similar to those found following postharvest heat treatments.

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“…5), we saw no evidence for unspliced transcripts other than Bz2, although all of these test genes had one or more introns. There has been one other example in which cadmium did cause inhibition of splicing; processing of the petunia ksp70 mRNA was inhibited during treatment with cadmium or copper but not during heat stress (Winter et al, 1988). Thus, cadmium may alter the splicing of only a limited subset of stress genes.…”

Section: Sc Ussl Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 14.1-kD alternative protein, still containing the GSHbinding site encoded within the first exon of Bz2, could bind the GSH moiety of a PC-cadmium complex, perhaps assisting in the sequestration of PC-cadmium complexes to the vacuole through the heavy metal transporter (HMT1) shown to be responsible for PC-cadmium transport into vacuoles (Ortiz et al, 1995). Previous investigators have speculated that truncated proteins could be produced from the unprocessed versions of the hsp70 and GmGST26-A messages (Czarnecka et al, 1984(Czarnecka et al, , 1988Winter et al, 1988). Czarnecka et al (1984) showed that both a 26-kD, full-length GmGST26-A protein and a 13-to 15-kD truncated protein could be in vitro translated during cadmium stress.…”

Section: Sc Ussl Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and RNA Splicing of the Maize Glutathione S-Transferase Bronze2 Gene Is Regulated by Cadmium and Other Stresses

1997

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The Bronze2 (Bz2) gene in maize (Zea mays) encodes a glutathione S-transferase that performs the last genetically defined step in anthocyanin biosynthesis-tagging anthocyanin precursors with glutathione, allowing for recognition and entry of anthocyanins into the vacuole. Here we show that Bz2 gene expression is highly induced by heavy metals such as cadmium. Treatment of maize seedlings with cadmium results in a 20-fold increase i n 822 message accumulation and a 50-fold increase in the presence of the unspliced, intron-containing transcript. The increase in message levels during cadmium stress appears to result, at least in part, from activation of an alternative mRNA start site approximately 200 nucleotides upstream of the normal start site; this site is not used in unstressed or heat-stressed tissues. The effect of cadmium on the RNA splicing of Bz2 seems to be specific: splicing of other introncontaining maize genes, including a maize actin gene under the control of the cadmium-inducible 822 promoter, is unaffected by cadmium stress. Conversely, 822 intron splicing is not affected by other stress conditions that induce Bz2 gene expression, such as abscisic acid, auxin, or cold stress. Surprisingly, the increase in Bz2 mRNA during cadmium stress does not result in an increase in Bz2 glutathione Stransferase activity. We propose that an alternative protein may be encoded by 822 that has a role during responses t o heavy metals.Specific enzymatic and regulatory roles have been assigned for most genes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize (Zea mays) as a result of genetic and biochemical analysis. Bz2 is one of the last structural genes required for the production of anthocyanin pigmentation in maize (Coe et al., 1988;Holton and Cornish, 1995). In bz2 mutants cytoplasmic synthesized anthocyanin precursors are unable to reach their final destination in the vacuole. This inappropriate cytoplasmic accumulation of the precursor pigment cyanidin-3-glucoside causes tissues to develop a bronze color as a result of oxidation and condensation reactions that are poorly understood (Stafford, 1990). These oxidized secondary metabolites in the cytoplasm of bz2 mutants are

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The inhibition of petunia hsp70 mRNA processing during CdCl2 stress

Cited by 87 publications

References 23 publications

Reversible Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Gene Expression at High Temperature (Effects on Tomato Fruit Ripening)

Reversible Inhibition of Tomato Fruit Gene Expression at High Temperature (Effects on Tomato Fruit Ripening)

Preharvest exposure to the sun influences postharvest responses of ‘Hass’ avocado fruit

Expression and RNA Splicing of the Maize Glutathione S-Transferase Bronze2 Gene Is Regulated by Cadmium and Other Stresses

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