The Inheritance of Polymorphism and Sex in Colias Philodice

Gerould, John H.

doi:10.1086/279210

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In the laboratory, the bursa copulatrix was dissected out of the abdomen of the females, and the number of spermatophores was counted. We discarded any females that were of the alba morph (a morph missing the yellow pigment in the wings [Gerould 1911;Watt 1973] and whose female mating rates are known to be different from the yellow morph [Graham et al 1980]), or that showed any sign of introgression with the close sister species C. eurytheme (orange pigment in the wings; Taylor 1972; Grula and Taylor 1980). The age of the female was estimated based on wing wear using a scale from one (no scale loss) to five (more than 50% of the scales lost).…”

Section: Female Mating Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Wing Color: Male Mate Choice Opposes Adaptive Wing Color Divergence in Colias Butterflies

Ellers

Boggs²

2003

Evolution

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Correlated evolution of mate signals and mate preference may be constrained if selection pressures acting on mate preference differ from those acting on mate signals. In particular, opposing selection pressures may act on mate preference and signals when traits have sexual as well as nonsexual functions. In the butterfly Colias philodice eriphyle, divergent selection on wing color across an elevational gradient in response to the thermal environment has led to increasing wing melanization at higher elevations. Wing color is also a long-range signal used by males in mate searching. We conducted experiments to test whether sexual selection on wing melanization via male mate choice acts in the same direction as natural selection on mate signals due to the thermal environment. We performed controlled mate choice experiments in the field over an elevational range of 1500 meters using decoy butterflies with different melanization levels. Also, we obtained a more direct estimate of the relation between wing color and sexual selection by measuring mating success in wild-caught females. Both our experiments showed that wing melanization is an important determinant of female mating success in C. p. eriphyle. However, a lack of elevational variation in male mate preference prevents coevolution of mate signals and mate preference, as males at all elevations prefer less-melanized females. We suggest that this apparently maladaptive mate choice may be maintained by differences in detectability between the morphs or by preservation of species recognition.

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Section: Female Mating Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Wing Color: Male Mate Choice Opposes Adaptive Wing Color Divergence in Colias Butterflies

Ellers

Boggs²

2003

Evolution

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show abstract

“…In the laboratory, the bursa copulatrix was dissected out of the abdomen of the females, and the number of spermatophores was counted. We discarded any females that were of the alba morph (a morph missing the yellow pigment in the wings [Gerould 1911;Watt 1973] and whose female mating rates are known to be different from the yellow morph [Graham et al 1980]), or that showed any sign of introgression with the close sister species C. eurytheme (orange pigment in the wings ;Taylor 1972;Grula and Taylor 1980). The age of the female was estimated based on wing wear using a scale from one (no scale loss) to five (more than 50% of the scales lost).…”

Section: Female Mating Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Wing Color: Male Mate Choice Opposes Adaptive Wing Color Divergence in Colias Butterflies

Ellers¹,

Boggs²

2003

Evol

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Correlated evolution of mate signals and mate preference may be constrained if selection pressures acting on mate preference differ from those acting on mate signals. In particular, opposing selection pressures may act on mate preference and signals when traits have sexual as well as nonsexual functions. In the butterfly Colias philodice eriphyle, divergent selection on wing color across an elevational gradient in response to the thermal environment has led to increasing wing melanization at higher elevations. Wing color is also a long-range signal used by males in mate searching. We conducted experiments to test whether sexual selection on wing melanization via male mate choice acts in the same direction as natural selection on mate signals due to the thermal environment. We performed controlled mate choice experiments in the field over an elevational range of 1500 meters using decoy butterflies with different melanization levels. Also, we obtained a more direct estimate of the relation between wing color and sexual selection by measuring mating success in wild-caught females. Both our experiments showed that wing melanization is an important determinant of female mating success in C. p. eriphyle. However, a lack of elevational variation in male mate preference prevents coevolution of mate signals and mate preference, as males at all elevations prefer lessmelanized females. We suggest that this apparently maladaptive mate choice may be maintained by differences in detectability between the morphs or by preservation of species recognition.

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“…Both analyses were performed separately for male and female offspring, because phenotypic values differed significantly by sex. Any families with females of the alba phenotype (missing the yellow pigment ;Gerould 1911;Watt 1973), or which showed signs of introgression with the close sister species C. eurytheme (orange pigment in wing; Taylor 1972;Grula and Taylor 1980) were eliminated from the analysis.…”

Section: Breeding Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolution of Wing Color in Colias Butterflies: Heritability, Sex Linkage, and Population Divergence

Ellers

Boggs

2002

Evol

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We investigated the genetic background of intraspecific variation in wing color across an elevational gradient in the butterfly Colias philodice eriphyle. The degree of wing melanization was an accelerating function of elevation, and differences in wing melanization persisted in a common environment. Full-sibling analysis and parent-offspring regression yielded consistent, moderate to high heritabilities for the degree of wing melanization. The breeding experiments also demonstrated that wing melanization is strongly sex linked. Because traits that differentiate sister species also tend to be sex linked, our results suggest that the genetic mechanisms underlying intraspecific differences in wing melanization are not fundamentally different from those that have been shown to differentiate sister species.

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The Inheritance of Polymorphism and Sex in Colias Philodice

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

The Evolution of Wing Color: Male Mate Choice Opposes Adaptive Wing Color Divergence in Colias Butterflies

The Evolution of Wing Color: Male Mate Choice Opposes Adaptive Wing Color Divergence in Colias Butterflies

The Evolution of Wing Color: Male Mate Choice Opposes Adaptive Wing Color Divergence in Colias Butterflies

The Evolution of Wing Color in Colias Butterflies: Heritability, Sex Linkage, and Population Divergence

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