The infrequent bowel movements in young infants who are exclusively breast-fed

Choe, Yon Ho; Lee, Ji Eun; Moon, Kwang Bin; Hwang, Jong Hee; Seo, Jeong Meen

doi:10.1007/s00431-004-1514-x

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Other reasons given were: the baby stayed with a babysitter (23.2%), doctor’s advice or mother of baby had health problems (5.8%). Some mothers also do not breastfeed because of certain illnesses such as post‐natal depression which is largely caused by incidences of domestic abuse and unwanted pregnancy (Choe et al. , 2004).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other reasons given were: the baby stayed with a babysitter (23.2%), doctor's advice or mother of baby had health problems (5.8%). Some mothers also do not breastfeed because of certain illnesses such as post-natal depression which is largely caused by incidences of domestic abuse and unwanted pregnancy (Choe et al , 2004). Diseases that are associated with breast milk transmission such as Group B Streptococcal Disease (GBS) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) also prevent mothers from initiating breastfeeding (Kotiw et al , 2003).…”

Section: Factors Influencing the Initiation Of Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental perception and attitudes on infant feeding practices and baby milk formula in East Malaysia

Yee

Chin

2006

Int J Consumer Studies

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A survey on infant feeding and weaning practices of 505 respondents who had children currently aged between 0 and 6 years old was carried out in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The decisive factors, which influence parents’ purchase decision of infant and follow‐up formula were also determined. Initiation of breastfeeding was practised by 86.3% of respondents, but only 8.3% of 436 respondents exclusively breastfed for 6 months and beyond. An association was established where parents with a higher educational level (χ 2 = 70.191, d.f. = 28, P < 0.001) and household income (χ 2 = 74.863, d.f. = 28, P < 0.001) were found to have a higher tendency in initiating formula feeding earlier. Parents who practised partial breastfeeding (OR = 2.0) and had a shorter duration of breastfeeding (OR = 2.4), respectively, were at least two times more likely to initiate early formula feeding. Parents who were highly educated (χ 2 = 99.107, d.f. = 9, P < 0.001) and had a higher income (χ 2 = 96.501, d.f. = 12, P < 0.001) also tended to wean their babies earlier. Parents became acquainted to infant and follow‐up formulas mainly through advertisement and promotion (32.9%). Quality and brand were the two most influential factors in determining parents’ purchase decision on infant and follow‐up formulas. Most respondents within the same income range were also found to purchase the same brands of baby formulas. Although breastfeeding is widely practised, its prolongation is still hindered by many social constraints such as lack of facilities and support in the workplace to encourage mothers to breastfeed and therefore most parents resolved to early formula feeding for their convenience.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing the Initiation Of Breastfeedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental perception and attitudes on infant feeding practices and baby milk formula in East Malaysia

Yee

Chin

2006

Int J Consumer Studies

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“…According to the first view, breast milk is easily digested and rapidly degraded in the stomach; hence it leaves a lower amount of pulp (13). It is also far more easily digested than cow milk (11), and the stools of breastfed infants contain many saccharolytic bacteria that degrade absorbable and non-absorbable sugars (14). The second view states that the digested breast milk may wait in the bowels before reaching rectum, which is explained by small bowel immaturity (15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children in this group had no other medical problems (10). These are normally fed, calm children who follow normal growth charts and who are free of additional problems (11). Although this condition is usually considered a normal and temporary condition, it is sometimes regarded as a pathological condition and the affected children are exposed to unnecessary tests and aggressive interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infants with Infrequent Stools Rarely Require Treatment

Ertürk¹

2017

Turkish J Pediatr Dis

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Objective: Infrequent stools (IS) refer to passage of stool that is delayed for days but has normal consistency and color. There is a paucity of information about infrequent stools in infants and children aged less than 6 months who are exclusively breastfed. Herein, we investigated the signs and symptoms of ISin order to discuss its course, duration, and need for treatment, and the efficacies of available treatments. We also aimed to determine the aspects of a clinically appropriate approach for affected patients. Material and Methods:This study included newborns and infants aged less than 6 months who presented to our outpatient clinic with a history of not having passed stools for 2 days or longer. We exclusively reviewed the medical records of infants who were exclusively breastfed, who had a decent weight gain, who had passed meconium in time, and who were free of hard stools, abdominal swelling, or anal problems. During follow-up, all infants underwent physical examination, their nutritional status was questioned and their growth charts recorded. Additionally, tests and treatments performed for infrequent stools were reviewed in detail. Results:The study included a total of 50 infants with a mean age of 55.7 days. The mean birthweight was 3179±539 gr. The mean age at onset of infrequent stools was 48.52±39.21 days (range: 2 days-5.5 months). The mean duration of the first infrequent stools was 4.7±1.59 days (95% CI: 4.2-5.2); the mean duration of infrequent stools was 2 months (range: 2 weeks-5.5 months, 95%CI: 45.7-71.9). Infrequent stools lasted for 2 months in 75% of patients. Weak correlations were found between birth weight and infrequent stools (r=0.35) and between gestational age and infrequent stools (r=0.33). Seven children were examined at other centers, and 36 children were administered various treatments either by physicians or parents. Medical treatment was not needed in any patient. conclusion:In conclusion, infrequent stools improved in all children included by this study, and this condition did not transform into functional constipation in any of them. It was observed that infrequent stools was a transient condition requiring no treatment in infants and children who were adequately nourished, who gained adequate weight, and who were free of abdominal swelling or hard stools. It usually suffices to follow this condition conservatively after it is distinguished from constipation. We believe that this information would be useful for pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and physicians and nurses working on the field.Key Words: Breast milk, Constipation, Infant, Infrequent stools ÖzET Amaç: Seyrek dışkılama (SD) günlerce gecikmiş, fakat normal kıvam ve renkteki dışkılamayı tarif eder. Literatürde altı aydan küçük olup, anne sütü ile beslenen bebek ve çocuklarda seyrek dışkılama ile ilgili çok az bilgi vardır. Çalışmada, SD'sı olan bebeklerin bulgu ve semptomları ele alınarak, SD'nın seyrinin, ne kadar devam ettiğinin, yapılan tedavilerin etkinliğinin, tedavi gereksinimlerinin tartışılması,...

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“…Choe et al [2] are correct to pay attention to the known but not well studied ''infrequent bowel movements in exclusively breast-fed infants''. The clinical condition is briefly mentioned in many textbooks, e.g.…”

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confidence: 97%

Transient, infrequent bowel movements in the exclusively breast-fed infant

Eggermont

2004

Eur J Pediatr

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The infrequent bowel movements in young infants who are exclusively breast-fed

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Parental perception and attitudes on infant feeding practices and baby milk formula in East Malaysia

Parental perception and attitudes on infant feeding practices and baby milk formula in East Malaysia

Infants with Infrequent Stools Rarely Require Treatment

Transient, infrequent bowel movements in the exclusively breast-fed infant

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