The infrapatellar fat pad is a dynamic and mobile structure, which deforms during knee motion, and has proximal extensions which wrap around the patella

Stephen, Joanna M.; Sopher, Ran; Tullie, Sebastian; Amis, Andrew A.; Ball, Simon; Williams, Andy

doi:10.1007/s00167-018-4943-1

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The upper side of the femur and the upper point of the tendon were fully fixed and a relative motion (rotation on z-axis and displacement along the x-axis) between the tibia and the femur was imposed (Figure 2(b)), as reported in literature. 7,9,16 The interaction phenomena between cartilages were specified by a Coulomb contact condition, using a 0.01 friction coefficient. 28 The analyses were developed using the generalpurpose finite element software Abaqus Explicit (Dassault Syste`mes Simulia Corp., Providence, RI, USA).…”

Section: Constitutive Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6] IFP occupies the unfilled space in the anterior knee and its mechanical role consists of an efficient shock absorption, mostly aimed at redistributing the forces induced during the gait. [7][8][9] The study of the IFP structural configuration and mechanical properties is also important with reference to the pathologies of the knee, first of all osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most common joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability, especially in the elderly population. [10][11][12][13] Abnormal biomechanical loading is an etiological factor that can be caused by partial or total meniscectomy, malalignment, joint instability, muscle weakness, peripheral neuropathy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finite element analyses are performed to investigate the IFP response during the static standing and passive flexion-extension movement. 7,9 The evaluation of the compressive stress and strain fields, obtained by the computational analysis, allows the identification of the functional response of IFP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical investigation of the infrapatellar fat pad

Fontanella

Macchi

Porzionato

et al. 2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The infrapatellar fat pad is an adipose tissue in the knee that facilitates the distribution of synovial fluid and absorbs impulsive actions generated through the joint. The correlation between morphological configuration and mechanical properties is analyzed by a computational approach. The microscopic anatomy of the infrapatellar fat pad is studied aiming to measure the dimension of adipose lobules and the thickness of connective septa. Results from histomorphometric investigations show that the infrapatellar fat pad is an inhomogeneous tissue, constituted by large lobules in the superficial part and smaller lobules in the deepest one. Finite element models of the infrapatellar fat pad are developed. The first model considers the inhomogeneous conformation of the infrapatellar fat pad, composed of micro- and macro-chambers, while the second model considers a homogeneous distribution of adipose lobules with similar dimensions. Computational analyses are performed considering the static standing configuration and the passive flexion–extension movement. The computational results allow us to identify the different stress and strain fields within the tissue and to appreciate the variation of the mechanical performance of the overall system considering the distribution of adipose lobules. Results show that the distribution of adipose lobules in macro- and micro-chambers allows major deformation of the infrapatellar fat pad, decreasing the stress inside the tissues.

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Section: Constitutive Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A numerical investigation of the infrapatellar fat pad

Fontanella

Macchi

Porzionato

et al. 2020

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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“…Отмечается богатая иннервация структуры ветвями бедренного, общего малоберцового и подкожных нервов, поэтому любые патологические изменения жирового тела могут являться источником возникновения болей в переднем отделе коленного сустава [7][8][9]. жировое тело склонно к изменению своей конфигурации при движениях в коленном суставе, тем самым обеспечивая механическую амортизацию и облегчая распределение синовиальной жидкости [10,11]. Диагностика изменений объема и структуры жировой клетчатки важна ввиду взаимосвязи её патологии с болевым синдромом в переднем отделе коленного сустава, а также возможной взаи-мосвязи с ранним формированием остеоартроза [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hoffa’s Fat Pad

Stulov

Тарасов

2019

Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia

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Background. Pathological changes in the size and structure of Hoffa’s fat pad can cause pain in the anterior section of the knee joint. Therefore, they should be diagnosed. The objective of the paper is to improve the diagnostics of Hoffa’s fat pad disease on the basis of a detailed study of the clinical anatomy of the infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) fat pad and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in normal and pathological conditions.Materials and Methods. Protocols of 86 MRI examinations of knee joints with anterior knee pain syndrome and no clearly defined traumatic history nor positive clinical tests indicating damage to the intra-articular and periarticular elements with identified structural changes in the fat pad were selected retrospectively. The control group consisted of data from 24 examinations of asymptomatic knee joints. In all cases, the pathology was confirmed during diagnostic and therapeutic arthroscopy.Results. The MRI findings showed the normal structure of the infrapatellar fat pad, as well as pathological changes in the form of tearing, local edema, diffuse edema, synovial proliferation and fibrosis. Depending on the location and type of changes, 4 pathological syndromes were identified: “classic” Hoffa’s disease — 49 (57%) cases, infrapatellar synovial fold syndrome — 11 (13%), infrapatellar synovial fold separation syndrome — 6 (7%), and impingent syndrome of upper lateral adipose tissue — 20 (23%) cases.Conclusions. To identify a pathology, a precise synchronization of clinical and morphological changes is required. Accurate differentiation of syndromes is possible due to knowledge of the detailed anatomical and magnetic-resonance features of the fat pad in normal and pathological conditions. This allows to diagnose the cause of pain in the anterior sections of the knee joint, specify the diagnosis, and choose the optimal plan of treatment.

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“…Recent studies suggest that alteration in the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP), an adipose tissue and the largest soft tissue structure in the knee joint 4 , is a potential early marker of OA disease incidence or progression [5][6][7][8][9] . Some inflammatory factors and adipokines produced by the IPFP have been identified as having a role in OA progression 10,11 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum adipokines/related inflammatory factors and ratios as predictors of infrapatellar fat pad volume in osteoarthritis: Applying comprehensive machine learning approaches

Bonakdari

Tardif

Abram

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Objective. The infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) has been associated with knee osteoarthritis onset and progression. This study uses machine learning (ML) approaches to predict serum levels of some adipokines/related inflammatory factors and their ratios on knee IPFP volume of osteoarthritis patients. Methods. Serum and MRI were from the OAI at baseline. Variables comprised the 3 main osteoarthritis risk factors (age, gender, BMI), 6 adipokines, 3 inflammatory factors, and their 36 ratios. IPFP volume was assessed on MRI with a ML methodology. The best variables and models were identified in Totalcohort (n = 678), High-BMI (n = 341) and Low-BMI (n = 337), using a selection approach based on ML methods. Results. The best model for each group included three risk factors and adipsin/C-reactive protein combined for Total-cohort, adipsin/chemerin; High-BMI, chemerin/adiponectin HMW; and Low-BMI, interleukin-8. Gender separation improved the prediction (13-16%) compared to the BMI-based models. Reproducibility with osteoarthritis patients from a clinical trial was excellent (R: female 0.83, male 0.95). Pseudocodes based on gender were generated.Conclusion. This study demonstrates for the first time that the combination of the serum levels of adipokines/inflammatory factors and the three main risk factors of osteoarthritis could predict IPFP volume with high reproducibility, with the superior performance of the model accounting for gender separation.

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The infrapatellar fat pad is a dynamic and mobile structure, which deforms during knee motion, and has proximal extensions which wrap around the patella

Cited by 33 publications

References 33 publications

A numerical investigation of the infrapatellar fat pad

A numerical investigation of the infrapatellar fat pad

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Hoffa’s Fat Pad

Serum adipokines/related inflammatory factors and ratios as predictors of infrapatellar fat pad volume in osteoarthritis: Applying comprehensive machine learning approaches

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