The informational value of contexts affects context-dependent learning

Lucke, Sara; Lachnit, Harald; Koenig, Stephan; Uengoer, Metin

doi:10.3758/s13420-013-0104-z

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…Despite obvious differences in processing requirements, previous studies highlighted the parallels between context-related extinction learning with and without a fear component: In both, fear (for review see Bouton, 2002, 2004) and non-fear related extinction (Rosas and Callejas-Aguilera, 2006; Rosas et al, 2006; Ungör and Lachnit, 2006; Üngör and Lachnit, 2008; Lucke et al, 2013, 2014), the renewal effect has been demonstrated. Moreover, recent imaging/lesion studies emphasized involvement of similar brain regions in both types of extinction learning, in animals as well as in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Effects of NMDA-Receptor Blockade on Extinction Learning and Related Brain Activation Are Modulated by BMI

Golisch

Heba

Glaubitz

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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A distributed network including prefrontal and hippocampal regions is involved in context-related extinction learning as well as in renewal. Renewal describes the recovery of an extinguished response if the context of extinction differs from the context of recall. Animal studies have demonstrated that prefrontal, but not hippocampal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonism disrupted extinction learning and processing of task context. However, human studies of NMDAR in extinction learning are lacking, while NMDAR antagonism yielded contradictory results in other learning tasks. This fMRI study investigated the role of NMDAR for human behavioral and brain activation correlates of extinction and renewal. Healthy volunteers received a single dose of the NMDAR antagonist memantine prior to extinction of previously acquired stimulus-outcome associations presented in either identical or novel contexts. We observed better, and partly faster, extinction learning in participants receiving the NMDAR antagonist compared to placebo. However, memantine did not affect renewal. In both extinction and recall, the memantine group showed a deactivation in extinction-related brain regions, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, while hippocampal activity was increased. This higher hippocampal activation was in turn associated with the participants' body mass index (BMI) and extinction errors. Our results demonstrate potentially dose-related enhancing effects of memantine and highlight involvement of hippocampal NMDAR in context-related extinction learning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Effects of NMDA-Receptor Blockade on Extinction Learning and Related Brain Activation Are Modulated by BMI

Golisch

Heba

Glaubitz

et al. 2017

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Some of the best known anatomical connections of Crus II, however, is that with dlPFC [39]. According to current learning theories of extinction and renewal, the unexpected omission of the unconditioned stimulus (US) at the beginning of extinction shifts attention to the context [40,41]. Attention shifting is a known function of the dlPFC [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar Contribution to Context Processing in Extinction Learning and Recall

et al. 2015

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Whereas acquisition of new associations is considered largely independent of the context, context dependency is a hallmark of extinction of the learned associations. The hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex are known to be involved in context processing during extinction learning and recall. Although the cerebellum has known functional and anatomic connections to the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, cerebellar contributions to context processing of extinction have rarely been studied. In the present study, we reanalyzed functional brain imaging data (fMRI) of previous work investigating context effects during extinction in a cognitive associative learning paradigm in 28 young and healthy subjects (Lissek et al. Neuroimage. 81:131-3, 2013). In that study, event-related fMRI analysis did not include the cerebellum. The 3 T fMRI dataset was reanalyzed using a spatial normalization method optimized for the cerebellum. Data of seven participants had to be excluded because the cerebellum had not been scanned in full. Cerebellar activation related to context change during extinction learning was most prominent in lobule Crus II bilaterally (p<0.01, t>2.53; partially corrected by predetermined cluster size). No significant cerebellar activations were observed related to context change during extinction retrieval. The posterolateral cerebellum appears to contribute to context-related processes during extinction learning, but not (or less) during extinction retrieval. The cerebellum may support context learning during extinction via its connections to the hippocampus. Alternatively, the cerebellum may support the shifting of attention to the context via its known connections to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Because the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is critically involved in context-related processes during extinction retrieval, and there are no known connections between the cerebellum and the vmPFC, the cerebellum may be less important during extinction recall.

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“…With a design in which acquisition, extinction and test phase are run back-to-back without breaks in between, a renewal effect can be reliably evoked, as demonstrated in several studies using this design of a predictive learning task (Lucke et al, 2013;Nelson and Callejas-Aguilera, 2007;Rosas and Callejas-Aguilera, 2006;Lachnit, 2006, 2008).…”

Section: Predictive Learning Taskmentioning

confidence: 96%